Paleoenvironments Recorded in a New-Type Ferromanganese Crust from the East Philippine Sea
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摘要: 尝试恢复东菲律宾海新型深水水成富铁锰结壳典型样品生长过程中所记录的古海洋环境.通过对其微间距取样样品的地球化学和铀系年代学综合研究, 得到了该结壳的3个主要生长阶段及其对应的古海洋环境.第一阶段为晚中新世晚期-早上新世的结壳快速生长期, 壳层结构疏松并含有较多的火山碎屑物质, 对应着中中新世初期-上新世早期的南极底流活跃和降温; 第二阶段为早、中上新世的结壳生长间断期, 形成深海粘土沉积, 表明此时南极底流的减弱和升温; 第三阶段为中上新世以来的结壳缓慢生长期, 指示着南极底流的再次活跃和强降温, 其强度和范围均超过第一阶段, 更利于致密和高纯壳层的发育.研究区的这段古海洋学历史在以往研究中一直不甚明了.Abstract: We attempt to recover the paleoenvironments recorded in the accretion of a typical new-type hydrogenetic ferromanganese crust from the deep water areas of the East Philippine Sea. From detailed geochemical and U-series chronological studies, three major accretion periods and corresponding paleoenvironments can be ascertained. The first period is a faster accretion period in the terminal Late Miocene to the Early Pliocene with looser structure and higher volcanic detritus contents, corresponding to the active Antarctic bottom waters and depressed temperature from the intermediate Middle Miocene to the Early Pliocene. The second period is a pulse of pelagic clay deposition at the Early to Middle Pliocene, reflecting the shrinkage of the Antarctic bottom waters and the global temperature elevation of this period. The third period is a slower accretion period from the Middle Pliocene, which indicates the more violent activity of Antarctic bottom waters once again and more depressed temperature than the first period, facilitating the accretion of a more compact and pure ferromanganese zone. The paleoceanographic histories of these studied areas had not been made clear in previous research.
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Key words:
- new-type ferromanganese crust /
- paleoenvironment /
- geochemistry /
- East Philippine Sea
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图 1 富铁锰结壳表层230Thex与深度关系
Fig. 1. Relationship between excessive 230Th and depth of the surface part of the ferromanganese crust
图 2 结壳常量元素含量和微量元素含量深度剖面图
Fig. 2. Depth profiles of major and trace elements contents in the crust
图 3 结壳不同生长阶段的稀土元素北美页岩标准化配分模式
Fig. 3. NASC-normalized REE pattern of different crust periods
表 1 表 1结壳常量元素和微量元素含量
Table 1. Major, minor and trace element abundances of the ferromanganese crust
表 2 结壳稀土元素含量
Table 2. Rare earth element(REE)abundances of the ferromanganese crust
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