How did Carbonatite-Related Rare Earth Element Deposits Form?
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[1] Andersen, A. K., Clark, J. G., Larson, P. B., et al., 2017. REE Fractionation, Mineral Speciation, and Supergene Enrichment of the Bear Lodge Carbonatites, Wyoming, USA. Ore Geology Reviews, 89: 780-807. doi: 10.1016/j.oregeorev.2017.06.025 [2] Anenburg, M., Broom-Fendley, S., Chen, W., 2021. Formation of Rare Earth Deposits in Carbonatites. Elements, 17(5): 327-332. https://doi.org/10.2138/gselements.17.5.327 [3] Anenburg, M., Mavrogenes, J. A., Frigo, C., et al., 2020. Rare Earth Element Mobility in and around Carbonatites Controlled by Sodium, Potassium, and Silica. Science Advances, 6(41): eabb6570. https://doi.org/10.1126/sciadv.abb6570 [4] Berndt, J., Klemme, S., 2022. Origin of Carbonatites—Liquid Immiscibility Caught in the Act. Nature Communications, 13: 2892. https://doi.org/10.1038/s41467-022-30500-7 [5] Chen, W., Kamenetsky, V. S., Simonetti, A., 2013. Evidence for the Alkaline Nature of Parental Carbonatite Melts at Oka Complex in Canada. Nature Communications, 4: 2687. https://doi.org/10.1038/ncomms3687 [6] Foley, S. F., Yaxley, G. M., Rosenthal, A., et al., 2009. The Composition of Near-Solidus Melts of Peridotite in the Presence of CO2 and H2O between 40 and 60 kbar. Lithos, 112: 274-283. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.lithos.2009.03.020 [7] Giebel, R. J., Gauert, C. D. K., Marks, M. A. W., et al., 2017. Multi-Stage Formation of REE Minerals in the Palabora Carbonatite Complex, South Africa. American Mineralogist, 102(6): 1218-1233. https://doi.org/10.2138/am-2017-6004 [8] Humphreys-Williams, E. R., Zahirovic, S., 2020. Carbonatites and Global Tectonics. Elements, 17(5): 339-344. https://doi.org/10.2138/gselements.17.5.339 [9] Nabyl, Z., Massuyeau, M., Gaillard, F., et al., 2020. A Window in the Course of Alkaline Magma Differentiation Conducive to Immiscible REE-Rich Carbonatites. Geochimica et Cosmochimica Acta, 282: 297-323. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.gca.2020.04.008 [10] Song, W. L., Xu, C., Smith, M., et al., 2018. Genesis of the World's Largest Rare Earth Element Deposit, Bayan Obo, China: Protracted Mineralization Evolution over ~1 B. y. Geology, 46(4): 323-326. https://doi.org/10.1130/G39801.1 [11] Walter, B. F., Giebel, R. J., Steele-Macinnis, M., et al., 2021. Fluids Associated with Carbonatitic Magmatism: A Critical Review and Implications for Carbonatite Magma Ascent. Earth-Science Reviews, 215(1-4): 103509. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.earscirev.2021.103509 [12] Weng, Z. H., Jowitt, S., Mudd, G., et al., 2015. A Detailed Assessment of Global Rare Earth Element Resources: Opportunities and Challenges. Economic Geology, 110(8): 1925-1952. https://doi.org/10.2113/econgeo.110.8.1925 [13] Ying, Y. C., Chen, W., Simonetti, A., et al., 2020. Significance of Hydrothermal Reworking for REE Mineralization Associated with Carbonatite: Constraints from in Situ Trace Element and C-Sr Isotope Study of Calcite and Apatite from the Miaoya Carbonatite Complex (China). Geochimica et Cosmochimica Acta, 280: 340-359. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.gca.2020.04.028 [14] 范宏瑞, 牛贺才, 李晓春, 等, 2020. 中国内生稀土矿床类型、成矿规律与资源展望. 科学通报, 65(33): 3778-3793. https://www.cnki.com.cn/Article/CJFDTOTAL-KXTB202033012.htm [15] 谢玉玲, 夏加明, 崔凯, 等, 2020. 中国碳酸岩型稀土矿床: 时空分布与成矿过程. 科学通报, 65(33): 3794-3808. https://www.cnki.com.cn/Article/CJFDTOTAL-KXTB202033013.htm
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