Main Controlling Factors of Natural Gas Differential Accumulation Model, in Baodao Sag, Qiongdongnan Basin
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摘要: 宝岛凹陷的烃源分布和天然气成藏主控因素不清，制约勘探突破. 综合应用构造解析、烃源识别、源-汇体系及成藏综合分析技术，明确宝岛凹陷差异构造演化控制下的主力供烃灶、有利储盖层及差异成藏主控因素. 研究表明，宝岛凹陷早渐新世属“非典型”双断，断阶带崖城组烃源岩厚度大，形成南、北两个洼陷群；北坡洼陷群主要受多条北东向早期断裂控制，形成多个转换断阶带，部分北东向断裂活动性强，导致其下降盘远端翘倾抬升形成低凸起；北东向转换断阶带+低凸起控制了古近系扇三角洲、三角洲砂岩及崖城组陆源海相烃源岩的分布，成为天然气聚集的主要场所. 基于不同构造样式控制下的天然气运聚条件分析，建立了“转换断阶带渐新统近源高效汇聚型”、“凹陷带中新统海底扇有限聚集型”两种成藏模式，明确转换断阶带渐新统三角洲构造-岩性复合圈闭是大气田勘探的突破方向.Abstract: The distribution of source⁃rock and main controlling factors of gas accumulation are vague in baodao sag, which restricts exploration breakthroughs. Comprehensive application of structural analysis、hydrocarbon source identification, source⁃sink system and comprehensive analysis techniques for accumulation, the main hydrocarbon supply kitchen、favorable reservoir⁃seal layer as well as main controlling factors of play under the control of differential structural evolution in baodao sag have been identified. The research shows that baodao sag belongs an "atypical" double fault during early oligocene, Yacheng formation in the fault terrace belts is thick, respectively forming two depression groups in the south and north; the northern depression groups mainly controlled by the early NE trending faults, result in multiple transition fault terrace belts are formed; NE⁃trending structural transition belts and low uplift controls the distribution of paleogene fan delta, delta sandstone as well as terrigenous marine source rock, thus becomes the main place for natural gas accumulation. Based on the analysis of natural gas migration and accumulation conditions under the control of different tectonic styles, two accumulation models are established, namely "oligocene near⁃source high efficiency accumulation type in transition fault terrace belts" and "miocene submarine fan limited accumulation type in depression zone", and sug"oligocene delta & structural⁃lithologic composite trap" on the transform fault terrace belts t are exploration direction of large gas fields.
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图 1 宝岛凹陷构造纲要及地层序列剖面图
Fig. 1. Structure division sketch and stratigraphic sequence of Baodao sag in the Qiongdongnan Basin
图 3 B2A⁃1井古近系烃源岩地化参数综合评价图
Fig. 3. The geochemistry comprehensive evaluation chart of Paleogene source rock, B2A⁃1 well
图 5 B2A⁃1井凝析油与崖城组烃源岩甾萜烷生标对比图
Fig. 5. Comparison between sterane/terpane biomarkers in condensate oils and Yacheng source rock, B2A⁃1 well
图 6 研究区陵水组三段沉积相图
Fig. 6. The sedimentary facies map in the third member of Lingshui formation
图 7 B2A⁃1井陵三段储层微观特征
a. B2A⁃1井4 121 m，中⁃粗砂岩，分选中等，粒间孔+粒间溶孔；b. B2A⁃1井4 147 m，中砂岩，分选中等，粒间孔+粒间溶孔；c. B2A⁃1井4 172 m，细砂岩，分选中等，粒间孔+粒间溶孔；d. B2A⁃1井4 198 m，细-中砂岩，分选中等，粒间孔+铸模孔
Fig. 7. Reservoir microscopic feature in the third member of Lingshui formation, B2A⁃1 well
图 8 研究区三亚组二段沉积相图
Fig. 8. The sedimentary facies map in the second member of Sanya formation
图 9 宝岛凹陷北部断阶带-凹陷带天然气成藏模式图
Fig. 9. Natural gas accumulation mode in north step fault zone⁃sunk area of Baodao sag
表 1 B2A-1、B2S-1井天然气地化特征表
Table 1. Geochemical characteristic of natural gas, B2A‐1、B2S‐1 well
断阶带 井名 深度(m) 气组 测试层位 样品类型 天然气组分 碳同位素组成(‰） C1(%) C2-5(%) C1/C1-C5 CO2(%) d13C1 d13C2 d13C3 d13C-CO2 B2A B2A-1 4 092.4~4 154.8 Ⅱa 陵三段 DST 66.54 5.84 0.92 27.14 -39.5 -28.4 27.0 -5.0 4 306.0 Ⅲa MDT 57.50 5.26 0.92 37.20 -40.4 -29.1 -25.4 -4.3 4 335.8 34.56 3.15 0.92 61.86 -40.1 —29.6 -25.6 -4.2 B2S B2S-1 4 044.0 A0 三亚二段 MDT 45.52 8.84 0.84 45.58 -42.0 -28.9 -29.3 -5.4 4 500.0 B 6.29 0.77 0.89 92.92 -40.1 -31.1 -28.6 -3.1 4 578.5 C 5.07 0.89 0.85 94.00 -41.7 -32.8 -28.7 -4.0 
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