Characteristics and Exploration Prospects of Deep-Water Sandstone Reservoir of Chang 73 Sub-Member, Ordos Basin
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摘要: 鄂尔多斯盆地延长组长73亚段发育大套厚层的富有机质泥页岩夹薄层粉细砂岩，深水环境的砂质岩类受到优质烃源岩的高强度源内充注，局部具有一定规模，是盆地深水勘探的重要目标.基于湖盆中部长73亚段的岩心、测录井、分析测试资料，结合岭页、池页水平井风险勘探实践，对长73亚段深水砂质岩类的沉积储层特征进行分析.结果表明：长73沉积期水体较深，优质烃源岩发育，湖盆西南祁秦造山带地震火山活动频发，物源供给充足，降雨量大、湖平面上升，滑塌成因与洪水成因的重力流沉积在湖盆中部广泛发育；环绕湖盆的一级坡折带控制着深水重力流的发育范围，沉积物入湖后受古地貌与沉积微相的控制，发育滑动—滑塌、砂质碎屑流、混合事件层、浊流、异重流等沉积类型，坡折带的坡脚、古沟道相对富砂，砂质碎屑流、浊流沉积是有利的储层类型；单砂体较薄，平均厚度1 m，孤立或叠置发育，空间上厚度、长度、宽度较小，较厚的块状单砂体和紧密连续叠置的薄层单砂体组合是期待钻遇的储层；高Ro、高TOC的泥页岩是砂质岩类充注油气的物质基础，高剩余压差下，储集性能较优的紧密叠置细砂岩薄储层与优质烃源岩互层的源储配置关系最易出现优质砂岩“甜点”.长73亚段深水砂质沉积勘探潜力较好，需持续攻关薄储层地球物理探测技术及砂泥一体压裂改造工艺.Abstract: Thick organic-rich shale with thin silty sandstones is developed in Chang 73 Sub-member of Yanchang Formation in Ordos Basin. The sandstones in deep water environment are charged high intensity by source rocks and have a certain scale, which is an important target of deep water exploration in the basin. Based on the core, logging and test data of Chang 73 Sub-member, combined with the risk exploration practice of Lingye and Chiye horizontal wells, this paper discusses and analyzes the sedimentary and reservoir characteristics of deep-water sandy rocks in Chang 73 Sub-member. The results show that during the Chang 73 sedimentary period, the water body was deep, organic-rich shale was developed, the Qiqin orogenic belt in the southwest of the basin had frequent seismic and volcanic activities, and the source supply was sufficient, the rainfall was large and the lake level was rising. The gravity flow deposits of slump origin and flood origin were widely developed in the middle of the basin. Slope break belt controlled the development of deep-water gravity flow, the characteristics of deep-water gravity flow were controlled by the ancient landform and sedimentary microfacies, developing sliding-slump, sandy debris flow, hybrid event bed, turbidity current and density flow, such as slope break zone of slope toe, relatively rich ancient channel sand, sandy debris flow and turbidity current deposits are favorable reservoir types. The single sand body is thin, with an average thickness of 1 m, and is isolated or superimposed. In terms of spatial thickness, length and width, the combination of thick block single sand body and tightly continuous superimposed thin single sand body is the reservoir expected to be drilled. Shale with high Ro and high TOC is the material basis for sandy rock. Under high residual pressure difference, high-quality sandy "sweet spot" is most likely to appear in the source-reservoir configuration relationship between tightly stacked thin sandstone reservoir with better reservoir performance and interbedded high-quality source rock. The exploration potential of deep-water sandy rocks in Chang 73 Sub-member is good, so it is necessary to continuously explore the geophysical exploration technology of thin reservoir and the matched fracturing technology.
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图 1 鄂尔多斯盆地构造区划分及延长组地层柱状简图
Fig. 1. Tectonic division and stratigraphic column of the Yanchang Formation, Ordos Basin
图 2 长73亚段深水砂质沉积岩心特征
a.浊流沉积，砂泥互层特征，Z61井，长73亚段，2 075.00 m；b.滑动‒滑塌沉积，泥岩内的砂质条带发生揉皱变形，Ch96井，长73亚段，2 073.34 m；c.砂质碎屑流沉积，整体块状，侧向尖灭，细砂岩内部发育泥岩撕裂屑，M138井，长73亚段，2 338.80 m；d.异重流沉积，发育逆‒正粒序层理粉砂岩，Z155井，长73亚段，1 605.05 m；e.层理断面见白云母及暗色矿物，Z40井，长73亚段，1 443.52 m；f.滑动‒滑塌沉积，细砂岩内部见阶梯断层构造，G347井，长73亚段，2 452.92 m；g.浊流沉积，泥质粉砂岩底部发育泥岩条带，Y1井，长73亚段，2 031.37 m；h.混合事件层沉积，细砂岩与粉砂质泥岩突变接触，Ch96井，长73亚段，2 046.57 m
Fig. 2. The core characteristics of sandstone reservoir of Chang 73 Sub-member
图 3 岭页、池页水平井钻遇岩性段统计
Fig. 3. The drilling lithologic characteristics of horizontal wells of Lingye and Chiye
图 4 长73亚段砂质储层沉积成藏模式
a.盆地北东向剖面长73亚段沉积模式；b.盆地北东向剖面长73亚段成藏组合模式；c.盆地东南向剖面长73亚段沉积模式；d.盆地东南向剖面长73亚段成藏组合模式（两条剖面位置均在图 1中标出）
Fig. 4. The sedimentary and accumulation assemblage models of sandstone reservoir of Chang 73 Sub-member
图 5 长73亚段砂质储层岩石学特征
a.细砂岩，以石英长石为主，见云母、伊利石等，微孔发育，Z40井，长73亚段，1 438.00 m；b.泥质粉砂岩，致密，分选较差，Z40井，长73亚段，1 445.00 m；c.粒序层理，富有机质泥岩与泥质粉砂岩互层，Z70井，长73亚段，1 648.70 m；d.方解石胶结致密，B522井，长73亚段，1 940.30 m；e.碎屑矿物间黏土矿物充填胶结，C37井，长73亚段，1 906.60 m；f.碎屑蚀变丝缕状伊利石，Z70井，长73亚段，1 664.50 m
Fig. 5. The petrology characteristics of sandstone reservoir of Chang 73 Sub-member
图 6 长73亚段砂质储层孔隙特征
a.细砂岩，粒间孔、长石溶孔发育，L231井，长73亚段，2 122.32 m；b.细砂岩，致密，粒间孔、溶孔发育，L231井，长73亚段，2 164.30 m；c.细砂岩，白云石溶蚀产生粒内溶孔，B522井，长73亚段，1 940.30 m；d.细砂岩，发育粒间孔，B522井，长73亚段，1 946.10 m；e.粉砂岩，粒间孔充填自生石英，N36井，长73亚段，1 667.40 m；f.粉砂岩，长石溶孔，N36井，长73亚段，1 667.40 m；g.粉砂岩，长石粒内溶蚀，Z70井，长73亚段，1 654.50 m；h.粉砂岩，片状云母弯曲变形，发育残余层间缝隙，Z70井，长73亚段，1 648.70 m；i.粉砂岩，高岭石晶间微孔，N36井，长73亚段，1 667.40 m
Fig. 6. The pore characteristics of sandstone reservoir of Chang 73 Sub-member
图 7 长73亚段砂质储层含油饱和度与孔隙度关系
Fig. 7. The relationship between oil saturation and porosity of sandstone reservoir of Chang 73 Sub-member
图 8 长73亚段砂质储层含油特征
a.细砂岩均匀含油，Y1井，长73亚段，2 037.50 m；b.粉砂岩层理面含油，N189井，长73亚段，1 740.85 m；c.裂缝见油，Y1井，长73亚段，2 008.39 m；d.细砂岩，矿物发育裂缝，ChY1井，长73亚段，2 027.90 m；e.粉砂岩，发育溶蚀孔，ChY1井，长73亚段，2 027.52 m；f.细砂岩，粒间孔较发育，ChY1井，长73亚段，2 028.91 m；g.图d的荧光薄片，颗粒裂缝中蓝色油质沥青，ChY1井，长73亚段，2 027.90 m；h.图e的荧光薄片，颗粒内部蓝色油质沥青，ChY1井，长73亚段，2 027.52 m；i.图f的荧光薄片，粒间蓝色油质沥青，ChY1井，长73亚段，2 028.91 m
Fig. 8. The oil-bearing characteristics of sandstone reservoir of Chang 73 Sub-member
图 9 长73亚段砂质储层可动流体饱和度特征
a.长73亚段细砂岩核磁共振图谱，ChY1井，2 028.76 m，核磁孔隙度8.29%，可动流体饱和度27.37%；b.长73亚段粉砂岩核磁共振图谱，ChY1井，2 051.19 m，核磁孔隙度2.88%，可动流体饱和度20.83%
Fig. 9. The movable fluid saturation characteristics of sandstone reservoir of Chang 73 Sub-member
图 10 长73亚段砂质储层平面分布特征及有利区范围
Fig. 10. Distribution characteristics and play fairways of sandstone reservoir of Chang 73 Sub-member
图 11 长73亚段砂质储层地震反射特征
Fig. 11. The seismic event characteristics of sandstone reservoir of Chang 73 Sub-member
表 1 长73亚段深水砂质沉积主要类型
Table 1. The main types of sandy deposits of Chang 73 Sub-member
沉积微相类型 主要岩相 主要岩性 典型沉积构造 滑动‒滑塌沉积 块状层理细砂岩相块状层理粉砂岩相变形构造粉砂岩相泥质粉砂岩相 细砂岩泥质粉砂岩 变形构造 砂质碎屑流沉积 块状层理细砂岩相块状层理粉砂岩相 细砂岩 块状层理漂浮泥岩撕裂屑 混合事件层沉积 块状层理粉砂岩相泥质粉砂岩相粉砂质泥岩相 粉细砂岩 双层结构 浊流沉积 韵律层理粉砂岩相沙纹层理粉砂岩相黑色页岩相
块状泥岩相粉砂岩泥质粉砂岩泥页岩 不完整的鲍马序列冲刷面槽模 异重流沉积 逆‒正粒序粉砂岩相沙纹层理粉砂岩相 细砂岩粉砂岩 逆‒正粒序组合 
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