Hydrocarbon Kitchen Evolution of the Lower Cambrian Qiongzhusi Formation in the Sichuan Basin and Its Enlightenment to Hydrocarbon Accumulation
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摘要: 研究下寒武统筇竹寺组烃源岩灶迁移演化能够为震旦-寒武系天然气成藏动力学及勘探方向提供重要的支撑. 以四川盆地热历史为基础，利用盆地模拟技术恢复筇竹寺组成熟度史及生烃史，揭示烃源岩灶迁移演化规律，建立烃源岩灶与规模成藏的耦合关系，进而指出震旦-寒武系天然气发育的有利区. 筇竹寺组烃源岩主要具有3期生油阶段：加里东旋回末期、海西旋回中-末期、印支旋回末期-燕山旋回早期；且具有4期生气阶段：加里东旋回末期、海西旋回中-末期、海西旋回末期-印支旋回中期、印支旋回中期-燕山旋回早期. 加里东旋回末期，川北和川南-川西南地区发育两个烃源岩灶，后者为主要生烃中心；加里东旋回末期-海西旋回末期，川北地区烃源岩灶向西迁移，为主要生烃中心，川南-川西南地区烃源岩灶未迁移，生烃强度少量增加；海西旋回末期-燕山旋回末期，川西北-川中地区发育一个新的烃源岩灶，生烃强度大且生烃面积广，该阶段为筇竹寺组烃源岩最主要的生烃阶段. 烃源岩以生油为主，生气为辅，震旦-寒武系气藏主要由原油二次裂解形成. 较大的生油强度、台缘带优质储层及构造高带的时空耦合为震旦-寒武系规模成藏奠定了坚实基础，研究成果可以为震旦-寒武系的天然气勘探提供重要的依据，针对震旦-寒武系的天然气下一步勘探应考虑中北部槽缘带的优质储层.Abstract: The research on the hydrocarbon kitchen evolution of the Lower Cambrian Qiongzhusi Formation can provide important sustain for natural gas accumulation dynamics and exploration direction of the Sinian-Cambrian. Based on thermal history of the Sichuan Basin, the maturity and hydrocarbon generation histories of source rocks of the Qiongzhusi Formation were reproduced, the hydrocarbon kitchen evolution regularity was revealed, the coupling relationship between hydrocarbon generation processes, pale structure and large-scale reservoir formation was established, and the favorable zones of natural gas development in the Sinian-Cambrian were pointed out. The results show that the source rocks of the Qiongzhusi Formation experienced three stages of oil generation, including the Late Caledonian Movement Cycle, the Middle to Late Hercynian Movement Cycle and the Late Indosinian Movement Cycle to Early Yanshanian Movement Cycle; and four stages of gas generation, including the Late Caledonian Movement Cycle, the Middle to Late Hercynian Movement Cycle, the Late Hercynian Movement Cycle to Middle Indosinian Movement Cycle and the Middle Indosinian Movement Cycle to Early Yanshanian Movement Cycle. During the Late Caledonian Movement Cycle, two hydrocarbon kitchens were developed in northern and southern to southwestern Sichuan Basin, respectively, and the latter was the main hydrocarbon generation center; During the Late Caledonian Movement Cycle to the Late Hercynian Movement Cycle, hydrocarbon kitchen in northern Sichuan Basin migrated westward and was the main hydrocarbon generation center. The hydrocarbon generation intensity of hydrocarbon kitchen in southern to southwestern Sichuan Basin increased slightly and the kitchen did not migrate. During the Late Hercynian Movement Cycle to the Late Yanshanian Movement Cycle, a new hydrocarbon kitchen was developed in northwestern to central Sichuan Basin, which had large hydrocarbon intensity and wide area, and this stage was the most important hydrocarbon generation stage. The Sinian-Cambrian natural gas reservoirs were mainly formed by secondary cracking of crude oil. The space-time coupling of massive hydrocarbon generation, high-quality reservoirs in the platform margin and the high tectonic belt have laid a solid foundation for the large-scale accumulation. This research can provide basic parameters for gas exploration and exploitation. For the next exploration of the natural gas of the Sinian-Cambrian system, the high-quality reservoirs in the margin belt of the north central trough should be considered, and the shale gas exploration should be carried out at the positions where the three source rock kitchens are developed.
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图 1 四川盆地位置及构造分区图
据马新华等（2021）修改；a. 四川盆地位置图；b. 构造分区图
Fig. 1. Position and structural unit division of the Sichuan Basin
图 2 四川盆地震旦-三叠系含油气系统及成藏组合图
Fig. 2. Petroleum system and reservoir-forming assemblage from the Sinian to the Triassic of the Sichuan Basin
图 3 四川盆地下寒武统筇竹寺组烃源岩厚度图
Fig. 3. Source rock thickness of the Lower Cambrian Qiongzhusi Formation of the Sichuan Basin
图 4 四川盆地下寒武统筇竹寺组烃源岩总有机碳含量图
Fig. 4. Total organic carbon content of source rocks of the Lower Cambrian Qiongzhusi Formation in the Sichuan Basin
图 5 四川盆地典型井埋藏史、热史图
红虚线代表温度（℃）
Fig. 5. Burial and thermal histories of typical wells in the Sichuan Basin
图 6 关键地质时期筇竹寺组顶面成熟度
a. 加里东旋回末期；b. 海西旋回末期；c. 燕山旋回末期；d. 现今
Fig. 6. Maturity of top surface of the Qiongzhusi Formation in key geological period
图 7 关键地质时期筇竹寺组烃源岩生油强度
a. 加里东旋回末期；b. 海西旋回末期；c. 燕山旋回末期；d. 现今
Fig. 7. Oil generation intensity of source rock in the Qiongzhusi Formation in key geological period
图 8 关键地质时期筇竹寺组烃源岩生气强度
a. 加里东旋回末期；b. 海西旋回末期；c. 燕山旋回末期；d. 现今
Fig. 8. Gas generation intensity of source rock in the Qiongzhusi Formation in key geological period
图 9 四川盆地筇竹寺组烃源岩生烃速率
Fig. 9. Hydrocarbon generation rate of source rock in the Qiongzhusi Formation in the Sichuan Basin
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