Reservoir Characteristics and Main Controlling Factors of Hydrocarbon Accumulation of Lower Paleozoic Buried-Hill in Northwestern Shaleitian Slope of Western Bohai Sea
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摘要: 渤海规模性潜山油气发现集中在山头的太古宇变质岩，而下古生界碳酸盐岩发育在斜坡带，已有地质模式难以解释其成藏规律.运用岩心、薄片、地震、成像测井及分析化验等资料，开展了沙西北下古生界储层特征和成藏主控因素研究.结果表明，该区下古生界碳酸盐岩发育“缝‒洞”型储层，储集空间受裂缝和岩溶两大因素控制；印支期以来的3期断裂活动形成了连排式构造‒地层圈闭；北侧南堡凹陷生烃灶的超压为成藏提供了强劲的充注条件，新生界披覆式泥岩提供了区域性封盖条件，断块上倾端的致密灰岩为油气在斜坡带成藏提供了遮挡条件.由此建立了“古储古堵‒超压强注”的斜坡带碳酸盐岩潜山成藏模式，为潜山油气勘探提供了新思路.Abstract: The large-scale buried⁃hill oil and gas discovery in Bohai Sea is concentrated in the Archean metamorphic rocks at the mountain top, while the Lower Paleozoic carbonate rocks are developed in the slope zone, and the existing geological models are difficult to explain their accumulation laws. In this paper, core, thin section, seismic, imaging logging, analysis and laboratory data are used to study the characteristics of the Lower Paleozoic reservoir and the main controlling factors of reservoir formation in the northwestern Shaleitian Uplift. The results show that "fracture cave" type reservoirs are developed in the Lower Paleozoic carbonate rocks in this area, and the reservoir space is controlled by two factors: fractures and karst. Three periods of fault activities since Indosinian formed a series of structural stratigraphic traps. The overpressure of the hydrocarbon generating stove in the northern Nanpu Sag provides a strong filling and injection condition for reservoir formation, the Cenozoic draped mudstone provides a regional sealing condition, and the tight limestone at the updip end of the fault block provides a shielding condition for oil and gas accumulation in the slope zone. Therefore, the reservoir forming model of carbonate buried⁃hill in slope zone of "ancient reservoir, ancient plugging and overpressure injection" is established, which provides a new idea for buried⁃hill oil and gas exploration.
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图 1 研究区地质背景
a.渤海湾盆地简图；b.沙西北地区潜山地层与断裂体系叠合图；c.下古生界综合柱状图（参考CFD2-1-B、CFD2-2-B、CFD2-2-I等井综合编制）
Fig. 1. Geological background of the study area
图 2 沙西北地区下古生界岩石学特征
a.奥陶系亮甲山组泥晶白云岩，可见多期构造裂缝，CFD2-2-D井，3 764.87 m；b.奥陶系下马家沟组灰色细晶白云岩，可见垂直裂缝发育，且被方解石脉体充填，CFD2-1-B井，3 706.10 m；c.寒武系长山组颗粒（球粒）白云岩，可见多期充填作用，CFD2-2-C井，3 817 m；d.寒武系崮山组竹叶状灰岩（生物碎屑颗粒灰岩），CFD2-2-I井，4 050.00 m；e.奥陶系冶里组泥晶灰岩，可见溶蚀缝、洞中后期充填中粗晶方解石，CFD2-2-B井，3 450.00 m；f.寒武系张夏组变晶鲕粒灰岩，可隐约见到圈层（同心圆）构造，CFD2-2-C井，3 942.00 m
Fig. 2. Petrological characteristics of Lower Paleozoic in northwestern Shaleitian Uplift
图 3 沙西北地区下古生界碳酸盐岩储层储集空间类型
a.“岩溶角砾”型储层段，CFD2-1-B井，上马家沟组，3 438.35~3 440.35 m段岩心；b.灰岩中的岩溶角砾，CFD2-2-I井，下马家沟组，3 567.40~ 3 567.90 m；c.岩溶孔洞，CFD2-1-G井，下马家沟组，3 545.90~3 547.70 m；d.岩溶洞穴，可见油浸迹象，CFD2-1-G井，下马家沟组，3 545.90~3 547.70 m；e.“岩溶角砾+构造裂缝”型储层段，CFD2-1-B井，上马家沟组，3 440.40~3 444.40 m；f.多期构造裂缝发育，CFD2-1-B井，上马家沟组，3 442.00 m；g.多期裂缝相互切割，沿裂缝溶蚀孔洞发育，CFD2-2-I井，下马家沟组，3 565.81 m；h.细晶白云岩的裂缝中充填方解石脉体被后期溶蚀，CFD2-1-B井，亮甲山组，3 709.30 m
Fig. 3. Reservoir space types of Lower Paleozoic carbonate reservoirs in northwestern Shaleitian Uplift
图 4 沙西北地区下古生界裂缝特征
a.CFD2-2-B井成像测井资料;b.CFD2-2-C井成像测井资料;c.CFD2-2-B井裂缝走向玫瑰花图, d.CFD2-2-B井裂缝倾角直方图,e.灰岩岩心照片,CFD2-1-D井，奥陶系冶里组,3468.47-3468.67m; f.灰岩岩心照片,CFD2-1-D井,奥陶系冶里组,3 488.75~3 488.95 m
Fig. 4. Fracture characteristics of Lower Paleozoic in northwestern Shaleitian Uplift
图 5 关键构造期应力背景与裂缝发育特征
Fig. 5. Stress background of critical tectonic period and fracture development characteristics
图 6 沙西北构造带储层发育模式
Fig. 6. Reservoir development model of the northwestern Shaleitian Uplift
图 7 曹妃甸2-2构造区潜山构造发育与圈闭形成示意图
Fig. 7. Schematic diagrams of buried-hill structure development and trap formation in Caofeidian 2-2 structural area
图 8 CFD2-1-B井奥陶系马家沟组包裹体特征
Fig. 8. Characteristics of inclusions in Ordovician Majiagou Formation of Well CFD2-1-B
图 9 沙西北CFD2-1-B井热埋藏史（a）与油包裹体均一温度分布直方图(b)
Fig. 9. Thermal burial history of Well CFD2-1-B in Northwestern Shaleitian Uplift (a) and histogram of homogenization temperature distribution of oil inclusions (b)
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