Shaking Table Model Test on Dynamic Response Characteristics and Failure Mechanism of Three Sections Locked Rock Slope
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摘要:
设计和制作了三段式锁固型岩质边坡模型，并进行了大型振动台试验，对三段式锁固型岩质边坡在地震作用下的动力响应和变形破坏模式进行了分析.研究结果表明：三段式锁固型边坡模型的自振频率随振动次数的增加而逐渐降低，阻尼比则随振动次数的增加而逐渐增大；边坡模型水平加速度放大系数表现出明显的高程放大效应和趋表效应；在不同类型输入波的作用下，边坡加速度响应存在着明显的差异；加速度放大系数随着输入波频率的增加表现出先增加后减小的变化规律，且在频率为15 Hz时峰值加速度放大系数达到最大值；随着输入波振幅的增加，坡体加速度放大系数总体上表现为先增加后减小的变化趋势；在地震波的作用下，位于坡体顶部裂缝和底部软弱夹层之间的锁固段出现多条裂缝，并不断发展呈X型贯通，最终在坡体内部形成3级滑面，并在持续的振动作用下，边坡沿着3级滑面发生滑动破坏.
Abstract:A three sections locked rock slope model was designed and produced, and a large-scale shaking table test was carried out to analyze the dynamic response and deformation failure mode of the three sections locked rock slope under earthquake action. The research results show that the natural vibration frequency of the three sections locked slope model decreases gradually with the increase of vibration times, and the damping ratio increases gradually with the increase of vibration times; the horizontal acceleration amplification factor of the slope model shows obvious elevation amplification effect and surface effect. Under the action of different types of input waves, there are obvious differences in the slope acceleration response: the acceleration amplification coefficient increases first and then decreases with the increase of input wave frequency, and the peak acceleration amplification coefficient reaches the maximum value when the frequency is 15 Hz. With the increase of the amplitude of the input wave, the acceleration amplification coefficient of the slope increases first and then decreases. Under the action of seismic wave, multiple cracks appear in the locking section between the crack at the top of the slope and the weak interlayer at the bottom, and continue to develop in an X-shaped connection. Finally, a 3-level slip surface is formed in the slope, and the slope slides along the 3-level slip surface under the action of continuous vibration.
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图 6 不同白噪声激励下模型边坡第一阶自振频率和阻尼比变化曲线
Fig. 6. First order natural frequency and damping ratio curve of model slope under different white noise excitation
图 7 加速度放大系数的等值线图
a.压缩4倍卧龙波0.1 g; b.压缩4倍卧龙波0.2 g; c.压缩4倍El波0.1 g; d.压缩4倍El波0.2 g; e.20 Hz正弦波0.1 g; f.20 Hz正弦波0.2 g
Fig. 7. Contour maps of acceleration amplification coefficient
图 8 边坡模型的加速度动力响应
a.坡面; b.坡体内部竖直方向上; c.坡体内部水平方向上
Fig. 8. Acceleration dynamic response of slope model
图 9 不同频率正弦波输入下坡面水平加速度放大系数
a.幅值0.1 g; b.幅值0.2 g
Fig. 9. Horizontal acceleration amplification factor of slope surface under different frequency sine wave inputs
图 10 输入波幅值对坡面加速度放大系数的影响
Fig. 10. Effect of input wave amplitude on slope acceleration amplification coefficient
图 11 输入波幅值对坡面测点加速度放大系数的影响
Fig. 11. Effect of input wave amplitude on slope acceleration amplification coefficient
图 12 水平方向上正弦波输入下加速度放大系数(A22~A19)
Fig. 12. Acceleration amplification factor (A22-A19) under sine wave input in horizontal direction
图 13 竖直方向上不同频率正弦波输入下加速度放大系数(A4⁃A10⁃A15⁃A19)
Fig. 13. Acceleration amplification factor under different frequency sine wave input in vertical direction (A4⁃A10⁃A15⁃A19)
图 14 试验中边坡模型的变形破坏情况输入
a.软弱夹层末端出现拉裂(卧龙波0.3 g); b.锁固段出现竖直拉裂缝(正弦波0.3 g); c.锁固段处裂缝贯通(卧龙波0.4 g); d.坡体浅部出现裂纹(正弦波0.4 g); e.坡体浅部现块体滑落(卧龙波0.5 g); f.预制裂缝后部岩体出现破碎(正弦波0.5 g); g.形成3级滑面(卧龙波0.6 g); h.坡体沿着3级滑面滑动破坏(正弦波0.6 g)
Fig. 14. Input of deformation and failure of model slope in test
表 1 模型试验主要相似常数
Table 1. Main similarity constants in model test
物理量 相似关系 相似常数 密度(ρ) Cρ 1 长度(L) CL 16 时间(t) Ct 4 弹性模量(E) CE = CρCL2Ct-2 16 泊松比(μ) Cμ 1 内摩擦角(φ) Cφ 1 黏聚力(c) Cc = CE 16 加速度(a) Ca = CECρ-1CL-1 1 频率(f) Cf = Ct-1 0.25 应力(σ) Cσ = CECε 16 
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表 2 相似材料物理力学参数
Table 2. Physical and mechanical parameters of similar materials
位置 密度(g/cm3) 抗压强度(MPa) 抗拉强度(MPa) 弹性模量(MPa) 泊松比 内摩擦角(°) 黏聚力(kPa) 坡体 2.50 0.853 0.099 124.46 0.12 34.8 294.0 软弱层 2.32 - - 4.8 0.35 10.0 10.0
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表 3 试验加载方案
Table 3. Physical and mechanical parameters
工况 激励方式 加速度峰值(m/s2) 频率(Hz) 时间压缩比 1~3 卧龙波 1 - 4, 2, 1 4~6 El波 1 - 4, 2, 1 7~14 正弦波 1 5, 10, 15, 20, 25,
30, 35, 40- 15 白噪声 0.05 - - 16~18 卧龙波 2 - 4, 2, 1 19~21 El波 2 - 4, 2, 1 22 白噪声 0.05 - - 23~30 正弦波 2 5, 10, 15, 20, 25,
30, 35, 40- 31 白噪声 0.05 - - 32 卧龙波 3 - 4 33 正弦波 3 10 - 34 白噪声 0.05 - - 35 卧龙波 4 - 4 36 正弦波 4 10 - 37 白噪声 0.05 - - 38 卧龙波 5 - 4 39 正弦波 5 10 - 40 白噪声 0.05 - - 41 卧龙波 6 - 4 42 正弦波 6 10 - 43 白噪声 0.05 - - 44 卧龙波 7 - 4 45 正弦波 7 10 - 46 白噪声 0.05 - - 47 卧龙波 8 - 4 48 正弦波 8 10 - 49 白噪声 0.05 - -
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