Hydrocarbon Accumulation Factors and Favorable Exploration of Carbonate Reservoirs in the 3rd⁃4th Members of Ordovician Yingshan Formation of Tazhong Low Salient
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摘要: 碳酸盐岩是塔里木盆地塔中低凸起古生界油气勘探的主要目的层，G70井在北斜坡奥陶系深层鹰四段测试获高产工业气流，展示了奥陶系深层广阔的勘探潜力，可以作为塔中低凸起碳酸盐岩下一步的接替领域；围绕油源断裂寻找优质储层仍是奥陶系深层勘探及目标优选的首选，但油源断裂的分布及优质储层展布还需进一步明确.基于塔中三维地震资料、结合单井录井、测井、油气物理性质开展油源断裂分析、储层预测及其主控因素分析. 研究结果表明：塔中Ⅰ号断裂东西两端、塔中10号逆断裂西段及编号F1~F16的北东向走滑断裂是奥陶系油气成藏可靠的油源断裂；古岩溶地貌相对稳定区，大面积及长时间的水-岩接触，利于岩溶洞穴储层的发育；后期走滑断裂的活动，导致岩溶作用增强或优化储层性能，在断裂与古岩溶地貌稳定区的叠合区更利于发育优质的岩溶洞穴储层. 在此基础上，结合区域盖层展布、油源断裂展布及优质储层展布特征开展成藏有利区综合评价，优选出11个Ⅰ类有利区带，指明了塔中隆起奥陶系深层下步有利勘探方向.Abstract: Carbonate rock is the major target horizon for Paleogene oil/gas exploration in the Tazhong area of the Tazhong Low Salient, Well G70 in the north slope of Tazhong obtained high⁃yield industrial gas flow in the test of the fourth member of Yingshan Formation of Lower Ordovician, and the deep layer of Ordovician in the northern slope of Tazhong Low Salient showed broad exploration potential and can be used as the next important replacement domain of carbonate rocks in Tazhong uplift. Searching for high⁃quality reservoirs around oil source fracture is still the first choice for deep ordovician exploration target and target selection, but the distribution of o oil source fracture and distribution of high⁃quality reservoirs need to be further clarified. Based on 3D seismic data of Tazhong, combined with single well logging, well logging and physical properties of oil and gas, we analyzed oil source fracture characteristics, reservoir prediction and property controlling factors. It is found that the East and West ends of Tazhong No 1 fault, the west section of thrust fault in Tazhong No.10 fault belt and the numbered F1⁃F16 of NE strike slip fault have long⁃term effect of transporting oil and gas, which are the main oil source faults of Ordovician oil and gas accumulation in Tazhong Low Salient; In the relatively stable area of paleokarst landform, large⁃area and long⁃term water rock contact is conducive to the development of karst cave reservoirs; The late fault activity not only transformed the reservoir performance, but also enhanced the karstification, in the superposition area of fault and paleokarst landform stability area, it is more conducive to the development of high⁃quality karst cave reservoirs.Based on the above work, a comprehensive evaluation of reservoir formation was carried out based on regional seal distribution, high⁃quality reservoir distribution and fault distribution, and eleven Class Ⅰ favorable areas selected, to direct future exploration.
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图 1 塔中地区构造位置及中下奥陶统地层柱状图
Fig. 1. Structural location and lithology column of Middle and Lower Ordovician strata in Tazhong area
图 2 塔中低凸起中寒武统、上奥陶统及志留系相干平面图
Fig. 2. Plane coherent of Middle Cambrian, Upper Ordovician and Silurian⁃top in Tazhong uplift
图 3 塔中低凸起逆冲断层（a）与走滑断层（b）典型地震剖面
剖面位置见图 1
Fig. 3. Typical seismic profiles of thrust fault (a) and strike⁃slip fault (b) in Tazhong Uplift
图 4 塔中低凸起奥陶系油气产能、气油比、原油密度分布图及单井原油物性统计柱状图
a. 塔中低凸起奥陶系单井油气累产当量分布；b. 塔中低凸起奥陶系单井气油比及原油密度分布；c. 北东向相邻走滑断裂之间单井累计油气当量变化柱状图（连井线位置见图4a）；d. 北东向相邻走滑断裂之间单井气油比及原油密度变化柱状图（连井线位置见图4b）；e. 北东向相邻走滑断裂之间部分单井原油含蜡量及原油饱和烃/芳烃比值变化柱状图
Fig. 4. Distribution chart of Ordovician oil and gas productivity, gas oil ratio, crude oil density and single well statistical histogram in Tazhong uplift
图 5 塔中低凸起奥陶系鹰山组三、四段岩石类型及储集空间类型
a. 塔中低凸起鹰山组三、四段储层岩性分布；b. 溶蚀孔洞，亮晶砂屑灰岩，G46⁃3H井，5 586~5 594 m；c. 晶间溶孔和晶间孔，孔隙呈不规则状，细晶白云岩，G46⁃3H井，5 587.76 m，岩心样品，铸体薄片，单偏光；d. 自形、半自形及他形细晶白云石沿构造溶蚀缝分布，G46⁃3H井，5 586.56 m，裂缝有效缝0.01~0.02 mm，宽岩心样品，铸体薄片，单偏光；e. 自形白云石沿压溶缝分布，G46⁃3H井，5 594.85 m，岩心样品，铸体薄片，单偏光；f. 他形细晶白云石沿构造溶蚀缝分布，G46⁃3H井，5 595.84 m，裂缝有效缝0.01~0.02 mm，岩心样品，铸体薄片，单偏光；g. 裂缝和溶蚀孔洞，裂缝呈黑色的正弦曲线，溶蚀孔洞呈暗色斑点状，G46⁃3H井，5 585~5 589 m，电阻率成像测井；h. 裂缝，一组高角度裂缝，G60井，6 680~6 683.5 m，电阻率成像测井；i. 溶蚀洞穴，成深色大块状，G60井，6 439.5~6 442.5 m，电阻率成像测井；j. 溶蚀孔洞，呈暗色斑点状，G60井，6 490~6 493 m，电阻率成像测井
Fig. 5. Rock types and reservoir space types of the 3rd⁃4thmembers of the Yingshan Formation in Tazhong uplift
图 6 洞穴型储集空间地震属性平面图（a）及典型地震剖面（b）
Fig. 6. Seismic attribute plan (a) and typical seismic profile (b) of cavernous reservoir space
图 7 塔中低凸起奥陶系鹰山组三、四段洞穴型储层、岩溶古地貌及断裂展布叠合图
Fig. 7. Superposition map of cavermous reservoir, paleo⁃karst geomorphology and fault distribution of the 3rd⁃4thmembers of the Yingshan Formation in Tazhong uplift
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