Progress and Outlook of State⁃of⁃Art High⁃Temperature⁃Pressure Apparatus and Characterization Technology
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摘要: 现代化的高温高压实验装置与表征技术是研究地球深部物质的赋存状态、属性及效应的关键手段. 近20年，国内很多科研单位先后建立了高水平高温高压实验平台，具有覆盖地表至地心温压环境的各类装置以及多种可进行原位/非原位观测的技术，在高压矿物物理、实验岩石学和地球化学等领域取得重要进展. 装置和技术的创新发展是当前我国“三深一系统（深地深海深空、地球系统科学）”科技战略领域中基础理论创新的驱动力之一.简要综述了高温高压装置研制、技术发展和面临的主要挑战，在此基础上展望了未来的发展方向.Abstract: State⁃of⁃art high⁃temperature⁃pressure apparatus and characterization technology are the key way to know the occurrence state of deep earth materials and their effects on geological processes. In the past twenty years, lots of high⁃level high temperature and high pressure experimental platforms were set up in domestic universities and institutes of Earth sciences, which have diverse apparatus covering the temperature⁃pressure conditions of the Earth's surface to the core and various in⁃situ/ex⁃situ characterization techniques. The important progresses of experimental geosciences have been obtained in high⁃pressure mineral physics, experimental petrology and geochemistry etc. Innovative development of devices and technologies is one of key drivers for the basic theory innovations in the country's biggest strategic needs (such as deep earth, deep sea, deep space and Earth system science). Here we review the developed high⁃temperature⁃pressure apparatus and technologies, their challenges, and look into future perspectives.
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图 1 (a) 不同压缩模式下物质的密度与压强的关系示意图；(b)不同压缩模式获得压强峰值纪录与年份关系
修改自Duffy and Smith(2019）; 等温压缩主要采用多面砧压机与金刚石压腔；绝热压缩主要采用轻气炮和激光加载的动高压装置；等熵压缩主要采用磁驱动压缩技术和斜坡发生器
Fig. 1. (a) Schematic diagram of the relationship between the density and pressure of substances under different compression modes; (b) Relationship between peak pressure records obtained by different compression modes and years
图 2 （a）多面砧压机中碳化钨作为二级压砧已达到最大温压范围; （b）河南精钻1英寸烧结金刚石作为二级压砧实现最高压力
Zk01F是中国河源正信的产品，TJS01和TF05是日本Fujiloy产品，它们都采用了锥形化压砧设计，修改自Shang et al.（2020）；图b据中科院地化所翟双猛提供未发表的资料
Fig. 2. (a) Tungsten carbide has reached the maximum temperature and pressure range as a two⁃stage anvil in the multi anvil press; (b) Henan precision drilling 1⁃inch sintered diamond as a two⁃stage anvil to achieve the highest pressure
图 3 (a) 吉林大学6万t单缸液压机；(b)中国地质大学(武汉)5 000 t多功能大压机；(c)中国地质大学(武汉)改造Kawai型1 000 t多面砧压机
Fig. 3. (a) 60 000 ton single cylinder hydraulic press of Jilin University; (b) China University of Geosciences (Wuhan) 5 000 ton multi⁃functional press; (c) China University of Geosciences (Wuhan) transformed Kawai type 1 000 ton multi anvil press
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