Recent Progress and Perspective of Experimental Mineral Physics: 2. Elasticity and Sound Velocity
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摘要: 弹性性质和波速是矿物重要物理性质. 实验测量的弹性性质和波速与地震学观测结果的对比，是确定地球内部物质组成、理解地球内部圈层结构形成机制和揭示地球内部物质分布不均一性最为直接和重要的手段. 在过去20年，伴随大腔体压机、金刚石压砧、同步辐射X光、激光加热等技术的快速发展，在地球内部相应温度和压力下测量主要构成矿物的弹性性质和波速取得了巨大进展. 综述了矿物物理在地球内部矿物弹性性质和波速实验测量的发展历史、近20年的研究现状与趋势，并展望了该学科未来发展的方向、关键科学问题与面临的主要挑战.Abstract: Elasticity and sound velocity are critical physical properties of minerals. Comparing the experimental sound velocity of minerals with seismic observed velocity profiles provide crucial means to constrain the composition of the Earth's deep interior, understand the formation mechanisms of the Earth's layered structure, and decipher the lateral composition variation. In the past twenty years, significant progress has been achieved in the elasticity and sound velocity measurements with the development of various high⁃pressure experimental techniques, including large⁃volume press, diamond anvil cells, synchrotron X⁃ray facility, laser heating, etc. Here, we review the experimental progress in the elasticity and sound velocity measurements made in the past twenty years and discuss the future research topics and challenges.
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图 1 地球内部一维地震波速度图像(PREM)(据Dziewonski and Anderson, 1981)
Fig. 1. 1D seismic velocity profiles of the Earth's interior (PREM) (from Dziewonski and Anderson, 1981)
图 3 地幔过渡带和下地幔主要构成矿物弹性和波速研究的温压范围
绿色Wds. 瓦兹力石；粉色Rwd. 林伍德石；蓝色Dav. 毛钙硅石；黄色Maj. 超硅石榴石；紫色Bgm. 布里奇曼石；紫色Fp. 铁方镁石；橙色PPv. 后钙钛矿；黑色实线. 地幔温度线
Fig. 3. Experimental pressure and temperature range for the elasticity and sound velocity of minerals in the transition zone and lower mantle
图 4 金刚石压砧和布里渊散射
a. 声子散射；b. 布里渊散射中的单晶弹性模量测量；c，d. 金刚石压砧中的布里渊散射
Fig. 4. Diamond anvil cells and Brillouin scattering
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