Shale Oil Reservoir Structure Characteristics of the Second Member of Kongdian Formation in Cangdong Sag, Bohai Bay Basin
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摘要: 为进一步明确湖相页岩层系优势储集岩性，聚焦页岩油甜点、提高水平段甜点钻遇率，增加水平井页岩油产量，利用沧东凹陷孔二段G108-8井494.29 m岩心，3 000余块次薄片、扫描电镜、核磁共振、压汞和全岩X衍射等数据，系统分析页岩层系中碳酸盐岩、砂岩和泥页岩孔隙类型、结构及非均质特征.结果表明：长石、石英和有机质对储集空间发育具有建设性作用，方解石、黏土和方沸石矿物是储集空间发育的不利因素，白云岩化作用虽在一定程度上改善了碳酸盐储层结构，但白云岩类微晶、泥晶纳米级晶间孔隙储集、渗流条件较差，页岩层系优势储集岩性主要包括砂岩、纹层型页岩和裂缝型白云岩3种类型；纹层型页岩储层基质储集、渗流相对较好，富长英质矿物纹层内残余粒间孔、溶蚀孔之间连通性较好，压裂改造后人工裂缝与基质孔缝形成复杂缝网结构，具备稳产能力，是页岩油主力产层.根据新认识，将钻探箱体聚焦到8~10 m厚纹层状长英质页岩段，GY5-3-1L、GY5-1-9H两口井首年单井累产油超1.0×104 t，桶油成本下降到65美元，实现了湖相页岩油效益开发.Abstract: In order to further clarify the dominant reservoir lithology of lacustrine shale strata, focus on sweet spots, improve the drilling encounter rate of sweet spots in the horizontal section, and increase the shale oil production of horizontal wells, this paper comprehensively uses the 494.29 m core of Well G108-8 in the second member of Kongdong Sag, more than 3 000 sub-sections, scanning electron microscopy, nuclear magnetic resonance, mercury intrusion and whole-rock X-ray analysis data to systematically analyze the carbonate rock, sandstone and shale pore types, structures, and heterogeneity. The results show that feldspar, quartz and organic matter have a constructive role in the development of reservoirs. Calcite, clay and analcite minerals are unfavorable factors for the development of reservoir space. Although dolomitization has improved carbon to a certain extent, dolomite-like microcrystalline, micrite nano-scale intercrystalline pore storage and poor seepage conditions, the dominant reservoir lithology of shale oil mainly includes feldspar lithic sandstone, laminar type shale and fractured dolomite. Laminar shale has various types of reservoir space, and the residual intergranular pores and dissolution pores in the laminae rich in felsic minerals have good connectivity. Artificial fractures form complex fracture network structure with the matrix pores and fractures, and has the ability to stabilize production, which is the main production layer of shale oil in the second member of the hole. The newly implemented horizontal well focuses the drilling box to the 8-10 m thick layered felsic shale interval, wells GY5-3-1L and GY5-1-9H produced more than 1.0×104 t of oil per well in the first year, and the cost per barrel of oil dropped to US ＄65, realizing the profitable development of lacustrine shale oil.
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Key words:
- Bohai Bay Basin /
- Cangdong Sag /
- second member of Kongdian Formation /
- shale oil /
- reservoir /
- pore structure /
- petroleum geology
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图 1 黄骅坳陷构造简图（a）, 沧东凹陷孔二段沉积体系图（b）及地层综合柱状图（c）
Fig. 1. Structural diagram of Huanghua Depression (a), sedimentary system diagram (b) and comprehensive stratigraphic histogram (c) of the second member of Kongdian Formation in Cangdong Sag
图 2 沧东凹陷孔二段典型岩性及组合特征(G108-8井)
Fig. 2. Typical lithology and assemblage characteristics of the second member of Kongdian Formation in Cangdong Sag (Well G108-8)
图 3 沧东凹陷孔二段页岩层系基质孔隙类型（G108-8井）
Fig. 3. Matrix pore types of shale formations of the second member of Kongdian Formation in Cangdong Sag (Well G108-8)
图 4 沧东凹陷孔二段页岩层系不同尺度下裂缝发育特征（G108-8井）
Fig. 4. Fracture characteristics of shale strata at different scales of the second member of Kongdian Formation in Cangdong Depression (Well G108-8)
图 5 沧东凹陷孔二段页白云岩基质孔隙特征（G108-8井）
Fig. 5. Dolomite matrix pore characteristics of the second member of Kongdian Formation in Cangdong Sag (Well G108-8)
图 6 沧东凹陷孔二段砂岩C-M图（G108-8井）
Fig. 6. Sandstone C-M map of the second member of Kongdian Formation in Cangdong Sag (Well G108-8)
图 7 沧东凹陷孔二段典型岩性核磁共振T2谱分布图（G108-8井）
Fig. 7. Typical lithology NMR T2 spectrum distribution of the second member of Kongdian Formation in Cangdong Sag (Well G108-8)
图 8 沧东凹陷孔二段典型砂岩储层结构特征（G108-8井）
Fig. 8. Typical sandstone reservoir structural characteristics of the second member of Kongdian Formation in Cangdong Sag (Well G108-8)
图 9 沧东凹陷孔二段泥页岩孔隙度与渗透率影响因素（G108-8井，326个样品点）
Fig. 9. Influencing factors of shale porosity and permeability of the second member of Kongdian Formation in Cangdong Sag (Well G108-8, 326 samples)
表 1 沧东凹陷孔二段页岩油储层类型及特征
Table 1. Reservoir types and characteristics of the second member of Kongdian Formation in Cangdong Sag
岩性 主要储集空间类型 储层物性特征 储层结构特征 综合评价 大类 细分岩性 孔隙度 渗透率
（mD）排驱压力
（MPa）最大汞饱和度 退汞效率 （泥）
页岩纹层型页岩 （大、中、小、微）孔 3%~7% 0.1~10 0.1~1 40%~60% 60%~80% 储层√ 块状泥岩 （小、微）孔 < 3% < 0.1 > 10 0~20% 0~40% 差储层 碳酸盐岩 裂缝型白云岩 裂缝、（大、中）孔 孔缝发育、渗透性好 - - - 储层√ 白云岩 （大、中）孔 2%~5% < 0.1 0.1~1 40%~80% 0~20% 差储层 泥质白云岩 （中、小）孔 < 3% 0.1~1 1~10 0~40% 0~100% 差储层 砂岩 长石岩屑砂岩 （大、中）孔 8%~12% 1~10 1~10 80%~100% 30%~50% 储层√ 方解石胶结长石岩屑砂岩 （中、小）孔 5%~8% 0.1~1 60%~100% 差储层 砂岩 长石岩屑砂岩 （大、中）孔 8%~12% 1~10 1~10 80%~100% 30%~50% 储层√ 
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