Deformation Characteristics of Jiaju Ancient Landslide Based on InSAR Monitoring Method, Sichuan, China
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摘要:
位于四川省丹巴县聂呷乡甲居村的甲居古滑坡主要由甲居滑坡(H01)、聂呷坪滑坡(H02)、小巴旺村滑坡(H03)、聂拉村滑坡(H04)和山顶滑坡(H05)等5个次级滑体组成.受区域构造、强降雨、河流侵蚀、地层岩性等因素影响，甲居古滑坡次级滑体持续发生蠕滑变形，对位于滑体上的村庄、道路和前缘大金河等具有较大危害，2020年遭受50年一遇的强降雨后，古滑坡变形速率有进一步增大的趋势.采用SBAS-InSAR技术，结合遥感解译和现场调查，获取了甲居古滑坡2018年6月至2021年8月的地表变形特征，通过二维形变速率转换获取了甲居古滑坡沿斜坡向(slope)和垂直向(vertical)的形变速率.研究认为，甲居古滑坡沿雷达视线方向(VLOS)形变速率最大达-179 mm/a，沿斜坡方向的形变速率(Vs)最大为-211 mm/a，沿垂直方向的变形速率(Vv)最大为-67 mm/a.甲居滑坡的北侧区域、聂拉村滑坡的南侧区域和山顶滑坡后缘变形较大，总体上位于强变形-极强变形区.甲居古滑坡的变形机制具有一定差异，其中甲居滑坡以牵引式变形为主，聂拉村滑坡以推挤式变形为主.由于古滑坡地质构造复杂、新构造活动强烈，在强降雨和河流侵蚀作用下极易导致滑坡蠕滑速率加快并进一步失稳，形成堵江溃坝等灾害.建议加强次级滑体的地表变形监测，为流域性地质安全风险防灾减灾提供技术支撑和科学依据.
Abstract:The Jiaju ancient landslide,located in Jiaju Village,Niexia Township,Danba County,Sichuan Province,is mainly composed of 5 secondary sliding bodies,such as Jiaju landslide (H01),Niexiaping landslide (H02),Xiaobawang Village landslide (H03),Niela Village landslide (H04),and the mountain top landslide (H05). Affected by factors such as regional structure,heavy rainfall,river erosion,stratigraphic lithology,etc.,the secondary sliding bodies of Jiaju ancient landslide continue to undergo creep deformation,which will cause certain harm to villages,roads and the front edge of Dajin River. The deformation rate tends to increase further after the occurrence of heavy rainfall that occurs once every 50 years in 2020. In this paper it uses SBAS-InSAR technology,combined with remote sensing interpretation and field investigation,obtained the surface deformation characteristics of the Jiaju ancient landslide from June 2018 to August 2021, and obtained the edge of the Jiaju ancient landslide through two-dimensional deformation rate conversion,the slope and vertical deformation rates. The research shows that the maximum deformation rate of the Jiaju ancient landslide along the radar line of sight (VLOS) is -179 mm/a,the maximum deformation rate along the slope direction (Vs) is -211 mm/a,and the maximum deformation rate along the vertical direction (Vv) is -67 mm/a. The northern area of the Jiaju landslide,the southern area of the Niela Village landslide,and the trailing edge of the mountain top landslide are largely deformed,and are generally located in the strong deformation-extremely strong deformation area. The deformation mechanisms of the Jiaju ancient landslide are different to some extent. The Jiaju landslide is dominated by traction deformation,while the Niela Village landslide is dominated by push deformation. Due to the complex geological structure of the ancient landslide and the strong neotectonic activity,under the action of heavy rainfall,it is easy to cause the landslide creep rate to accelerate and further destabilize,resulting in dammed lake and dam broken hazards. It is suggested to strengthen the surface deformation monitoring of secondary sliding bodies to provide technical support and scientific basis for geohazard prevention and mitigation of watershed geological safety risks.
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图 1 四川丹巴县甲居古滑坡区域构造位置图
1.更新统砂砾粘土；2.全新统砂砾粘土；3.二叠系上统玄武岩夹黑色板岩及灰岩；4.二叠系下统含砾砂岩、板岩、大理岩；5.泥盆系危关群第四岩组石英岩、(碳质)片岩、大理岩；6.泥盆系危关群第三岩组变砾岩、片岩、大理岩；7.泥盆系危关群第二岩组片岩、大理岩；8.泥盆系危关群第一岩组石英岩；9.志留系茂县群第五岩组石英岩、片岩；10.志留系茂县群第四岩组片岩夹条带状大理岩；11.志留系茂县群第三岩组石英岩夹片岩；12.志留系茂县群第二岩组片岩夹大理岩；13.志留系茂县群第一岩组片岩；14.震旦系上统灯影组陡山沱组白云质大理岩、片岩；15.震旦系下统变粒岩、含砾片岩、混合岩；16.燕山期早期辉石正长岩；17.燕山期早期石英二长岩；18.燕山期早期似斑状石英二长岩；19.海西期未分基性侵入岩；20.伟晶岩脉；21.黑云母带；22.十字石.铁铝榴石带；23.兰晶石带；24.矽线石带；25.未分超基性岩；26.实测断层；27.推测性质不明断层；28.实测正断层；29.推测正断层；30.实测逆断层；31.推测逆断层；32.实测地质界线；33.推测地质界限；34.水系；35.地层倾向及倾角、倒转底层产状；36.混杂岩界线；37.实测地质界限；38.高程点；39.甲居古滑坡范围
Fig. 1. The regional tectonic location map of Jiaju ancient landslide in Danba County, Sichuan Province
图 2 甲居古滑坡遥感解译图
Fig. 2. The remote sensing interpretation map of Jiaju ancient landslide
图 3 甲居古滑坡A-A′工程地质剖面图
1.二云英片岩夹大理岩；2.石英岩夹二云英片岩；3.二云英片岩夹变粒岩；4.云英质大理岩、片岩；5.浅粒岩夹片岩；6.断裂带；7.滑带；AA′见图 2
Fig. 3. The A-A′ engineering geological section profile of Jiaju ancient landslide
图 4 甲居滑坡工程地质剖面图(据李明辉等，2008)
图据李明辉等(2008)；1.碎块石土；2.二云英片岩；3.砂、卵石；4.第四系上更新统冰水堆积层；5.第四系冲洪积物；6.志留系通化岩组第六段；7.推测地层界线；8.推测滑面；9.钻孔；10.滑坡边界；11.变形陡坎；12.变形区界线；13.地层界线；14.剖面线；15.建筑物
Fig. 4. The engineering geological section of Jiaju landslide (after Li et al., 2008)
图 8 雷达视线方向和坡度方向几何示意图(Cascini et al., 2010)
Fig. 8. Geometric sketch of radar line-of-sight direction and slope direction(Cascini et al., 2010)
图 9 基于SBAS-InSAR技术的甲居古滑坡形变速率分布图(LOS)
Fig. 9. Deformation rate distribution map of Jiaju ancient landslide based on SBAS-InSAR technology (LOS)
图 10 基于SBAS-InSAR技术的甲居古滑坡形变速率分布图(slope)
Fig. 10. Deformation rate distribution map of Jiaju ancient landslide based on SBAS-InSAR technology (slope)
图 11 基于SBAS-InSAR技术的甲居古滑坡形变速率分布图(vertical)
Fig. 11. Deformation rate distribution map of Jiaju ancient landslide based on SBAS-InSAR technology (vertical)
图 12 甲居滑坡遥感影像及InSAR形变图
Fig. 12. The remote sensing image and InSAR deformation map of Jiaju landslide
图 13 聂拉村滑坡遥感影像及InSAR形变图
Fig. 13. The remote sensing image and InSAR deformation map of Niela Village landslide
图 14 甲居古滑坡日降雨量与滑坡累计形变量之间的关系曲线
Fig. 14. The relationship between daily rainfall and cumulative deformation of the Jiaju ancient landslide
表 1 SAR影像数据基本参数
Table 1. The basic parameters of SAR image data
主要参数 参数值 轨道方向 升轨 轨道号Path 26 幅号Frame 93 所处波段 C 雷达波长(cm) 5.6 入射角(°) 43.90 影像间隔时间(d) 12 影像获取时间段 2018年6月24日至2021年8月31日 影像数量 96 
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表 2 时序InSAR分析滑坡探测识别结果
Table 2. Time series InSAR analysis of landslide detection and recognition results
滑坡名称 坡向(°) 坡度(°) 面积(km2) 最大LOS
形变速率
(mm·a-1)slope方向
形变速率
(mm·a-1)vertical方向
形变速率
(mm·a-1)甲居滑坡(H01-N) 112 20~35 0.6 -92 -108 -35 甲居滑坡(H01-S) 67 20~35 0.8 -42 -50 -16 聂呷坪滑坡(H02) 120 20~35 2.1 -44 -52 -17 小巴旺村滑坡(H03) 103 15~25 1.1 -32 -66 -22 聂拉村滑坡(H04) 87 15~30 1.3 -170 -211 -180 山顶滑坡(H05) 98 20~40 6.3 -87 -103 -33
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