Variable Architecture Models of Fluvial Reservoir Controlled by Base-Level Cycle: A Case Study of Jurassic Outcrop in Datong Basin
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摘要: 我国河流相储层大多已进入开发后期，急需表征内部复杂构型分布，但目前河流相差异构型模式及控制因素研究还很薄弱，油田区构型表征模式指导不够.因此，以山西大同露头为研究对象，采用露头精细描述与测量、GR测定、粒度分析等方法建立了河流相储层差异构型模式.研究认为：基于砂地比、古水深将露头区划分为9个短期、2个中期基准面旋回，中期基准面旋回不同位置河型差异明显；随着基准面升高与河型的转化，由狭长状心滩坝转变为正常的心滩坝，再过渡窄带状心滩坝或点坝的组合样式，最后演变为马蹄状点坝；3种河型砂坝（心滩坝或点坝）厚度与宽度、砂坝宽度与河道宽度均具有较好的正相关关系.研究成果可为相似露头构型分析提供借鉴，亦可为相似油田区构型精细表征提供模式指导.Abstract: Most of the fluvial reservoirs have been in the late stage of oilfield development in China, and it is urgent to characterize their complex, internal sedimentary architectures. However, there are few published research documents related to differential architecture models and controlling factors, and there are not enough prediction models for oilfield reservoir architecture characterization. Therefore, taking the outcrop in Datong, Shanxi as the study area, the variable architecture models of fluvial reservoir are established by using the methods of outcrop description and measurement, GR measurement and particle size analysis. The results show that the outcrop area is divided into 9 short-term and 2 medium-term base-level cycles based on sandstone percent and ancient river depth, and the fluvial patterns at different locations of medium-term base-level cycle are obviously different. With the rising of the base level and the transition of fluvial type, architecture distribution changes from narrow and long braided bar to normal braided bar, then transitions to the combination style of narrow band braided bar or point bar, and finally evolves into horseshoe point bar. There is a good positive relationship between the thickness and width of sandy bars (braided bar or point bar), and between the width of sandy bar and the width of channel. The research results can provide guidance for similar outcrop architecture analysis and provide prediction models for the fine architecture characterization of similar oilfields.
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Key words:
- base-level cycle /
- architecture pattern /
- fluvial reservoir /
- outcrop /
- Datong basin /
- petroleum geology
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图 1 河流相露头区地理位置及地貌特征
a. 大同市地理位置；b. 露头区位置及地层出露状况；c. 吴官屯露头剖面 H；d. 晋华宫铁路桥剖面 A~C、铁路桥下‒公路北侧剖面 D~F、铁路桥 下‒公路南侧剖面 G
Fig. 1. Location of the fluvial outcrops and geomorphology of the outcrop area
图 2 研究区露头剖面基准面旋回划分及特征
Fig. 2. Characteristics of base-level cycle of the outcrops in study area
图 3 吴官屯露头剖面精细构型解释（H段）
a. 露头拼接照片；b. 露头剖面垂向分期；c. 构型界面划分与岩性剖面；d. 构型单元分布解释
Fig. 3. Architecture interpretation of Wuguantun outcrop section (section H)
图 4 吴官屯剖面河道满岸深度与单一沙丘厚度
Fig. 4. Bankfull channel depth and thickness of related dunes in Wuguantun outcrop
图 5 铁路桥剖面B段精细构型解释
a. 露头拼接照片；b. 构型界面划分与岩性剖面；c. 构型单元精细解释与分布特征
Fig. 5. Architecture interpretation of section B in Tieluqiao outcrop
图 6 吴官屯剖面H段稳定型心滩坝与非对称辫状河道
Fig. 6. Classic braided bar and asymmetric channels of H section in Wuguantun outcrop
图 7 铁路桥下‒公路北露头剖面精细构型解释（剖面F段）
a. 露头拼接照片；b. 构型划分与分布特征；c. 构型单元精细解释与分布特征
Fig. 7. Architecture interpretation of section F in Tieluqiao-north side of road outcrop
图 8 基准面旋回不同位置河流类型及内部构型模式
Fig. 8. Types of fluvial systems and their inner architecture models at different base-level locations
图 9 基准面不同位置砂坝（辫状河心滩坝、曲流河点坝）厚度与宽度相关关系
Fig. 9. The relationship between bar thickness and bar width at different base-level locations
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