Logging Identification of High Quality Shale of Niutitang Formation and Doushantuo Formation in Western Hubei
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摘要: 以鄂西地区为例，利用钻井、测井及测试资料，开展牛蹄塘组和陡山沱组页岩岩相类型与地质属性（总有机碳含量、孔隙度、横向渗透率、脆性及孔隙类型）关系的研究.研究结果表明：鄂西地区共发育11类岩相页岩，不同岩相页岩间存在明显的地质属性差异.结合有机质页岩特征，识别出3种优质页岩类型：硅质页岩、富泥硅质页岩和混合质页岩.优质页岩含气量明显高于非优质页岩含气量，这证实了准确的优质页岩识别结果.通过对页岩测井影响因素的分析，总结出优质页岩具有高自然伽马、高电阻率、高声波时差、高铀、低密度、低钍、低钾（四高三低）的测井响应特征，从而提出适用于在鄂西高热演化区寻找具有低热演化程度，较强生烃潜力及易开发的页岩储层测井识别方法.Abstract: With Yichang as the research area in the paper, the relationships between lithofacies and geological property of Niutitang Formation and Doushantuo Formation shale were studied by drilling, logging and testing data (geological properties includes total organic carbon content, porosity, transverse permeability, brittleness and pore type). The study shows that there are 11 types of lithological shale developed in the western Hubei, and there are obvious differences in geological properties between the different lithological shale. In combination with the characteristics of organic shale, three types of high quality shale were identified: siliceous shale, mud-rich siliceous shale, and mixed shale. The high quality shale contains significantly higher gas contents than the non-high quality shale, which confirms the accuracy of high quality shale identification results. By analyzing the influencing factors of shale logging, it is summarized that high quality shale has the logging response characteristics of high natural gamma ray, high resistivity, high acoustic time difference, high uranium, low density, low thorium and low potassium (four high values and three low values) in conventional logging curves. Thus, a logging identification method is proposed and it is suitable for finding shale reservoirs with low thermal evolution degree, strong hydrocarbon generation potential and easy development in high thermal evolution area of western Hubei.
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图 1 研究区区域地质背景及地层综合柱状图（以阳页1井为例）
据陈孝红等（2018a）修改
Fig. 1. Regional geological background and comprehensive bar chart of strata (take well YY1 as an example)
图 3 鄂西地区页岩岩相与TOC含量对应分布（a）、与孔隙度对应分布（b）、与横向渗透率对应分布（c）及与脆性度对应分布（d）
Fig. 3. Corresponding distribution of shale lithofacies and TOC content (a), porosity (b), areal permeability (c), brittle degree (d) in western Hubei
图 4 阳页1井不同岩相页岩孔隙发育特征
Fig. 4. Pore characteristics of different lithofacies in well YY1
图 5 阳页1井牛蹄塘组（a）、陡山沱组（b）岩相与含气量纵向变化图
Fig. 5. Longitudinal variations of gas content and lithofacies in Niutitang Formation (a) and Doushantuo Formation (b) in well YY1
图 6 鄂西地区页岩岩相测井响应特征（以阳页1井为例）
Fig. 6. Characteristics of shale lithofacies logging response in western Hubei (take well YY1 as an example)
图 7 鄂西地区牛蹄塘组‒陡山沱组页岩自然伽马‒铀‒电阻率测井交会图
Fig. 7. GR-U-RD logging crossplot of Niutitang Formation and Doushantuo Formation shale in western Hubei
表 1 鄂西地区各岩相页岩地质属性差异特征
Table 1. Differential characteristics of geological properties of each lithofacies shales in western Hubei
岩相类型 有机质含量（%） 孔隙度（%） 横向渗透率（mD） 脆性度 孔隙类型 富硅灰质页岩 < 2.0 2.0 < φ ≤ 4.0 ≤ 0.001 高 微裂缝和粒内孔 灰质页岩 < 2.0 4.0 < φ > 0.001 高 粒缘缝和粒内孔 富硅泥质页岩 < 2.0 2.0 < φ ≤ 4.0 ≤ 0.001 低 - 富灰/硅混合质页岩 < 2.0 0.0 < φ ≤ 2.0 ≤ 0.001 高 粒间缝和粒内孔 富硅/泥混合质页岩 2.0~4.0 2.0 < φ ≤ 4.0 ≤ 0.001 低 - 富灰硅质页岩 > 4.0 0.0 < φ ≤ 2.0 ≤ 0.001 高 有机质孔、粒内孔和粒缘缝 混合质页岩 > 4.0 2.0 < φ ≤ 4.0 > 0.001 高 - 硅质页岩 > 4.0 2.0 < φ ≤ 4.0 > 0.001 高 有机质孔、粒间缝和粒间孔 富泥硅质页岩 2.0~4.0 2.0 < φ ≤ 4.0 > 0.001 高 有机质孔 
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表 2 鄂西地区优质页岩测井响应特征
Table 2. Logging response characteristics of high quality shale in western Hubei
测井曲线 曲线特征 影响因素 自然伽马 高值，一般高于100 API，局部存在低值 泥质含量、有机质含量 电阻率 相对的高值 干酪根或油气含量；黏土矿物含量; 有机质石墨化程度 声波时差 明显增大，较高，呈周波跳跃 干酪根或油气含量；页理发育程度 铀 高值 有机质含量 密度 中低值 有机质含量 钍 低值 重矿物含量 钾 低值 黏土矿物含量
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表 3 优质页岩与非优质页岩测井响应特征值域
Table 3. Logging response characteristics of high quality shale and non-high quality shale
页岩类型 自然伽马(API) 声波时差(μs·m-1) 密度(g·cm-3) 电阻率
(Ω·m)铀
(%)钍
(mg·kg-1)钾
(%)优质页岩 > 150 > 200 > 2.6 > 3 000 > 8.5 > 7.8 > 1.7 非优质页岩 < 100 < 200 < 2.6 < 3 000 < 8.5 < 7.8 < 1.7
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