Deep Reservoir Characteristics and Effective Reservoir Control Factors in Baiyun Sag of Pearl River Mouth Basin
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摘要: 珠江口盆地白云凹陷珠海组和恩平组是该区深层油气勘探的主要层系，查明深层储层基本特征和有效储层控制因素对于白云凹陷深层油气勘探具有重要意义. 基于岩石学和矿物学、成岩作用、孔隙特征及沉积相分析，明确了白云凹陷深层储层基本特征. 白云凹陷深层以低孔低渗和致密储层为主；压实作用是造成深层储层变差的主要原因，碳酸盐胶结和石英次生加大是主要的自生矿物；孔隙类型以粒间溶孔和粒内溶孔为主；有效储层以低孔低渗及以上储层为主，孔隙度总体保持在10%左右，渗透率变化范围大. 中粗粒沉积相带、溶蚀作用和超压是深层有效储层的主要控制因素. 中粗粒砂岩具有较好的原生孔和次生孔发育条件，渗透率较高，胶结减孔作用弱，溶蚀增孔作用强；溶蚀作用是深层关键的建设性成岩作用，溶蚀孔隙是深层主要的孔隙类型；超压传导作用有利于酸性流体活动和溶蚀物质的迁移，对形成溶蚀孔隙具有积极意义；分流河道和水下分流河道砂体是中粗粒砂岩的主要载体，应作为深层油气勘探的优选对象.Abstract: The Zhuhai Formation and Enping Formation in Baiyun Sag of Pearl River Mouth Basin are important strata for deep oil and gas exploration. Understanding the basic characteristics of deep reservoirs and analyzing the development characteristics and controlling factors of effective reservoirs can provide necessary guidance and support for deep oil and gas exploration to find favorable target layers and target areas. Based on the analyses of petrology and mineralogy, diagenesis, pore development characteristics and sedimentary facies types of deep reservoirs, the basic characteristics of deep reservoirs are clarified. Deep reservoirs are mainly low porosity-low permeability (LL) and tight reservoirs. Compaction is the main reason for the deterioration of deep reservoir, and carbonate cementation and overgrowth of quartz are the main authigenic minerals. Pore types are mainly intergranular dissolved pores and intragranular dissolved pores. Effective reservoirs are mainly LL reservoirs and reservoirs that are better than LL reservoirs. Porosity is generally maintained at about 10%, and permeability varies widely. Sedimentary facies, dissolution and overpressure are the main controlling factors of deep effective reservoir. Medium- and coarse-grained sandstones have better development conditions of primary and secondary pores, higher permeability, weaker porosity reduction by cementation and stronger porosity increase by dissolution. Dissolution is the key constructive diagenesis in deep reservoir, and dissolution pores are the dominate pore type in deep layer. Overpressure conduction is conducive to the activity of acid fluid and the migration of dissolved substances, which is of positive significance to the formation of dissolution pores. Distributary channel and subaqueous distributary channel sandbodies are the main carriers of medium and coarse-grained sandstone and should be the preferred target of deep oil and gas exploration.
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Key words:
- deep reservoir /
- medium- and coarse-grained sandstone /
- dissolution /
- overpressure /
- Baiyun Sag /
- petroleum geology
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图 1 白云凹陷构造区划及地层综合柱状图
Fig. 1. Structural districts and comprehensive stratigraphic column of Baiyun Sag
图 3 白云凹陷深层各粒级砂岩矿物含量对比
Fig. 3. Comparison of the mineral content of each grade sandstone in the deep reservoir of Baiyun Sag
图 4 白云凹陷各分区压实作用程度纵向特征
a.北坡；b.BY5；c.西南；d.流花；e.LW14
Fig. 4. Longitudinal characteristics of compaction degree in different zones of Baiyun Sag
图 5 白云凹陷深层压溶作用典型特征
a. PY33，3 880.5 m，珠海组，极细‒细粒砂岩，碎屑颗粒呈“漂浮”状，早期方解石连晶胶结，充填孔隙并交代石英；b. BY18，珠海组，4 305 m，早期石英次生加大，铁白云石充填次生孔隙，交代长石和石英加大边；c. BY51，4 805 m，珠海组，压溶作用较明显，颗粒间可见缝合线；d. BY51，珠海组，4 304 m，石英发育多期次生加大，在发生强烈压实作用前已形成早期次生加大；e. BY52，5 109 m，恩平组，含铁白云石和铁白云石充填孔隙及交代碎屑颗粒；f. BY51，4 380.4 m，珠海组，伊利石生长在方解石外侧，伊利石形成时间晚于方解石；g. LW21，3 739.2 m，珠海组，显微球状黄铁矿、自生石英、丝缕状伊利石充填孔隙；h. PY72，4 631.5 m，恩平组，发育粒间溶孔，颗粒溶蚀不彻底；i. PY73，珠海组，3 555.8 m，压实作用强，颗粒裂缝，长石被溶蚀形成次生孔隙. F. 长石，Q. 石英，Or. 钾长石，Ca. 方解石胶结物，q1. 石英一期次生加大，q2. 石英二期次生加大，q3. 石英三期次生加大，Fe-Do. 铁白云石，I. 伊利石，Pr. 黄铁矿，P. 孔隙
Fig. 5. Typical characteristics of pressure solution in Baiyun Sag
图 6 白云凹陷各分区孔隙度纵向分布
a.北坡；b.BY5；c.西南；d.LW9（LW91/LW 92）；e.LW14
Fig. 6. Longitudinal distribution of porosity in Baiyun Sag
图 7 白云凹陷各分区渗透率纵向分布
a.北坡；b.BY5；c.西南；d.LW9（LW91/LW92）；e.LW14
Fig. 7. Longitudinal distribution of permeability in Baiyun Sag
图 9 白云凹陷成岩作用减孔量或增孔量纵向特征
Fig. 9. Longitudinal characteristics of reducing or increasing porosity in diagenesis of Baiyun Sag
图 10 恩平组和珠海组不同微相类型砂岩粒度特征
Fig. 10. Grain size characteristics of different microfacies in Enping Formation and Zhuhai Formation
图 11 各粒级砂岩成岩作用贡献定量计算及面孔率、原生面孔率和次生面孔率对比
Fig. 11. Quantitative calculation of diagenesis contribution and comparison of face rate, primary face rate and secondary face rate of different grain size sandstones
图 12 不同区域孔隙度和次生孔隙占比对比
Fig. 12. Comparison of porosity and secondary porosity in different regions
图 13 次生面孔率与孔隙度(a)和渗透率(b)相关性
Fig. 13. The relations between secondary porosity and total porosity (a), and secondary porosity and permeability (b)
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