Characteristics of Tight Sandstone Reservoirs and Their Controlling Factors of He-1 Member in Hangjinqi Block, Ordos Basin
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摘要: 鄂尔多斯盆地杭锦旗地区盒一段富含天然气，但储层致密、非均质性强，从而制约了该地区天然气的增储上产.利用岩心、铸体薄片和场发射扫描电镜观察、孔渗测试、X射线衍射分析、高压压汞及恒速压汞分析等，分析致密砂岩储层的特征及其主控因素.以此将储层划分为优势储层和差储层两类，优势储层主要以心滩和河道内的粗粒岩屑石英砂岩，岩屑砂岩为主，泥质含量低，溶蚀孔隙发育，差储层主要以河道间的细粒岩屑砂岩为主，泥质含量高，孔隙不发育.物源的差异导致了西部石英含量高于东部.水动力条件的强弱是决定储层优劣的初始条件，早期泥质充填导致差储层的原始孔隙度较低.优势储层中泥质含量较少，更能抵抗上覆压力，孔隙流体更活跃，能形成更多的溶蚀孔.Abstract: The He-1 Member of Hangjinqi block in Ordos basin is rich in natural gas, but the reservoir is dense and heterogeneous which restricts the increase of natural gas storage and production in this area. In this paper it makes full use of cores, casting thin section observation, field emission scanning electron microscopy (FE-SEM) observation, porosity and permeability test, X-ray diffraction (XRD) analysis, high-pressure mercury injection and constant-rate mercury injection analysis to illustrate the reservoir characteristics and controlling factors of He-1 Member in the study area. Based on that, the reservoirs are divided into superior reservoirs and poor reservoirs. The superior reservoirs are mainly composed of coarse-grained sublitharenite and litharenite developed in diara with less matrix and developed dissolution pores. The poor reservoirs are mainly composed of fine-grained litharenite developed with much matrix and undeveloped pores. The difference of provenance resulted in higher quartz content in the west than in the east. The strength of hydrodynamic condition is the initial condition that determines the quality of reservoir. Early argillaceous filling results in lower original porosity in poor reservoirs. The superior reservoir is more resistant to overburden pressure due to the less matrix. And the pore fluid is more active in superior reservoir which is benefitial to the formation of disolutionpore.
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图 1 杭锦旗地区位置及构造分区
a.鄂尔多斯盆地；b.杭锦旗区块
Fig. 1. Location and structural division of Hangjinqi block
图 2 杭锦旗地区上古生界地层综合柱状图
Fig. 2. Comprehensive stratum histogram of Upper Paleozoic in Hangjinqi block
图 3 杭锦旗地区下石盒子组一段典型岩心照片
a.J21井，2 836.05~2 836.29 m，浅灰色砂砾岩，砾石呈径向排列；b.J67井，2 504.80~2 504.93 m，浅灰色含砾粗砂岩与细砂岩呈突变接触，下部细砂岩具斜层理；c.J63井，3 500.77~3 500.92 m，浅灰色细砂岩，断面含少许云母；d.J122井，2 716.71~2 716.86 m，浅灰色中细砂岩（见水平层理）；e.J98井，3 082.71~3 082.98 m，浅灰色中砂岩、砂砾岩（见粒序层理）；f.J91井，取心井深：2 952.43~2 952.56 m，浅灰色中砂岩，具斜层理
Fig. 3. Typical core photos of He-1 member of Hangjinqi block
图 4 杭锦旗地区盒一段砂岩类型分类
Fig. 4. Sandstone type classification of He-1 member in Hangjinqi block
图 5 杭锦旗地区盒一段孔隙类型
a.J89井，3 082.34 m，不等粒砂岩，自生高岭石部分晶间微孔隙相互连通；b.J103井，3 091.26 m，含泥质巨砂质粗粒岩屑石英砂岩，铸模孔发育，含石英破裂缝；c.J107井，3 205.27 m，含泥质细砂质中粒岩屑石英砂岩，塑性颗粒和基质堵塞孔隙，未见可测面孔率；d.J126井，2 973.03 m，粗砂质巨粒岩屑砂岩，颗粒破裂缝发育，溶蚀孔发育；e.J92井，3 066.1 m，中砂岩，粒间溶孔较发育，颗粒表面黏土化；f.J89井，3 082.34 m，不等粒砂岩，粒内溶孔发育；g. J33井，2 372.61 m，含泥质中砂质细粒长石岩屑砂岩，颗粒发生定向排列，岩屑发生塑性变形，孔隙不发育；h. J92井，3 073.88 m，弯曲状伊利石及少量高岭石充填孔隙，自生石英晶粒较少；i. J74井，2 711.18 m，含泥质粗粒岩屑石英砂岩，颗粒发生破裂，粒间溶孔和粒内溶孔发育
Fig. 5. Pore types of He-1 member in Hangjinqi block
图 6 杭锦旗地区盒一段孔渗特征
a.孔隙度分布；b.渗透率分布；c.孔渗与岩性的关系，N=1 366；d.不同沉积相带的孔渗分布
Fig. 6. Characteristic of porosity and permeability of He-1 member
图 7 盒一段毛管曲线及孔径分布直方图
Fig. 7. Capillary curve and histogram of pore diameter distribution of He-1 member
图 8 盒一段恒速压汞孔喉半径分布
Fig. 8. The distribution of pore throat by constant rate mercury injection in He-1 member
图 9 盒一段典型恒速压汞毛管曲线
Fig. 9. The typical capillary curves of constant rate mercury injection in He-1 member
图 10 杭锦旗地区盒一段物源分区及沉积相图
Fig. 10. Provenance distribution and sedimentary facies of He-1 member in Hangjinqi block
图 11 盒一段胶结物类型和岩屑类型
a. J92井，3 061.25 m，中砂岩，颗粒溶蚀部分黏土化生成伊利石，粒内微孔少；b. J72井，2 951.47 m，含泥质巨砂质粗粒岩屑砂岩，方解石胶结物；c.J76井，2 693.72 m，中砂岩，颗粒间堆积自生高岭石，粒表分布针叶状自生绿泥石等；d.J102井，2 724.74 m，含泥质中砂质细粒岩屑砂岩，由于泥质和塑性岩屑含量较高在压实只有呈半定向排列且孔隙不发育；e.J107井，3 201.67 m，含泥质中砂质粗粒岩屑砂岩，增孔型岩屑发生粒内溶蚀，留下溶蚀残余；f.J98井，3 086.12 m，中砂质粗粒岩屑砂岩，减孔型岩屑堵塞粒间孔，保孔型岩屑支撑粒间孔
Fig. 11. Cement and lithic fragment of He-1 member
图 12 盒一段储层不同岩石孔隙度与黏土关系
Fig. 12. Diagram of relationship between porosity and clay of different rocks in He-1 member
表 1 盒一段高压压汞参数均值
Table 1. The mean values of high pressure mercury injection parameters in He-1 member
岩性（样品数） 孔隙度
（%）渗透率
（mD）最大孔喉半径
（μm）平均孔喉半径
（μm）中值孔喉半径
（μm）分选系数 含砾粗砂岩（39） 10.57 1.70 1.71 0.21 0.13 0.24 粗砂岩（26） 10.55 1.68 1.43 0.17 0.09 0.20 中砂岩（15） 8.38 0.86 1.10 0.13 0.07 0.13 细砂岩（8） 4.11 0.33 0.61 0.07 0.06 0.07 
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表 2 盒一段恒速压汞参数均值
Table 2. The mean values of constant rate mercury injection parameters in He-1 member
岩性（样品数） 孔隙度
(%)渗透率
(mD)孔隙平均半径
(μm)喉道平均半径
(μm)孔喉半径比均值 总孔/喉体积比 砾岩（2） 12.92 0.80 147.65 1.051 173.647 0.118 含砾粗砂岩（2） 10.04 0.75 158.56 1.264 158.555 0.220 粗砂岩（3） 7.52 1.07 155.02 0.869 205.674 0.205 中砂岩（2） 3.97 0.33 158.13 1.178 184.038 0.192 细砂岩（1） 2.33 0.024 154.00 0.379 351.750 0.026
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表 3 杭锦旗地区盒一段储层分类标准
Table 3. Standard for reservoir classification of He-1 member in Hangjinqi block
储层类别 岩性 孔隙度
（%）渗透率
(10‒3μm2)平均孔喉半径
（μm）最大进汞饱和度（%） 泥质含量
（%）优势储层 粗粒岩屑石英砂岩，岩屑砂岩 > 5 > 0.5 > 0.1 > 25 < 25 差储层 细粒岩屑砂岩 < 5 < 0.5 < 0.1 < 25 > 25
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表 4 杭锦旗地区盒一段不同沉积亚相的物性统计
Table 4. Physical property statistics of different subfacies of He-1 member in Hangjinqi block
区域 相类型 井号 深度（m） 孔隙度（%） 平均值 渗透率（mD） 平均值 北部 心滩 J33 2 356.15 11.40 11.24 0.408 0 0.322 2 356.36 11.10 0.309 0 2 356.57 11.00 0.433 0 2 356.83 12.20 0.241 0 2 357.05 11.30 0.252 0 2 357.28 12.50 0.297 0 2 357.50 9.20 0.314 0 河道间 J46 2 556.99 5.58 4.21 0.209 9 0.149 2 557.15 5.12 0.191 4 2 557.50 4.68 0.063 7 2 558.32 3.37 0.075 1 2 558.79 2.94 0.051 3 2 559.07 3.58 0.301 5 河道 J82 2 557.91 11.77 8.85 0.937 8 0.519 2 558.21 3.91 0.107 7 2 558.48 12.35 0.938 1 2 559.04 7.32 0.228 4 2 559.28 8.90 0.382 3 南部 心滩 J74 2714.33 14.30 11.695 0.830 0 0.724 2 711.40 11.54 0.721 7 2 711.65 10.38 0.675 3 2 711.78 10.56 0.669 4 河道间 J69 2 970.73 4.53 4.01 0.173 2 0.166 2 970.98 3.50 0.170 0 2 971.38 5.71 0.207 1 2 971.56 5.80 0.296 9 2 971.83 6.17 0.183 0 2 972.15 0.97 0.047 8 2 972.41 1.39 0.083 6 河道 J21 2 836.73 11.65 9.50 0.114 2 0.091 2 837.05 9.65 0.069 9 2 837.29 9.68 0.142 6 2 837.51 6.77 0.055 4 2 837.72 9.74 0.072 2
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