Sedimentary Characteristics and Lake Basin Evolution of Salinized Lake Basin of Qingshuiying Formation in Yinchuan Basin
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摘要: 银川盆地发育厚层新生界，其中清水营组是咸化湖盆发育的时期，也是烃源岩最为发育的层段，因此明确清水营组的沉积特征及湖盆演化具有重要的地质意义和勘探意义. 综合利用野外露头、钻井岩心、测井及有机地球化学资料，对银川盆地古近纪晚期清水营组的岩性、岩相类型进行分析总结，明确沉积环境. 利用岩电特征、小波变换对清水营组进行沉积旋回识别与划分，在此基础上分析湖盆演化. 清水营组岩性主要为灰色泥岩、棕红色泥岩、含石膏泥岩、石膏及薄层细砂岩、粉砂岩等，共有四种岩相组合类型. 清水营组可划分3个四级旋回，对应清水营组咸化湖盆的3个演化阶段：SQ1为裂陷初期咸化湖盆的发育阶段；SQ2为强烈裂陷期，湖盆水体深度有所增大，盐湖鼎盛阶段；SQ3期水体变浅，湖盆范围变大，封闭性减弱，由咸水湖演化成淡水湖.Abstract: Thick Cenozoic strata are developed in the Yinchuan Basin, among which the Qingshuiying Formation is the period of salinized lake basin development and the most developed layer of hydrocarbon source rocks. Therefore, it is of great geological significance and exploration significance to clarify the sedimentary characteristics and lake basin evolution of the Qingshuiying Formation. In this paper, the lithology and petrographic types of the Late Paleoproterozoic Qingshuiying Formation in the Yinchuan Basin are analyzed and summarized using field outcrops, drill cores, logs and organic geochemical data to clarify the depositional environment. The sedimentary cyclogenesis of the Qingshuiying Formation was identified and classified using rock-electric characteristics and wavelet transform, and the evolution of the lake basin was analyzed on this basis. The lithology of the Qingshuiying Formation is mainly gray mudstone, brown-red mudstone, gypsum-bearing mudstone, gypsum and thin-bedded fine sandstone and siltstone, etc., and there are four types of petrographic assemblages. The Qingshuiying Formation can be divided into three four-order sedimentary cycles, corresponding to the three evolutionary stages of the salinized lake basin of the Qingshuiying Formation. SQ1 is the development stage of the salinized lake basin at the early stage of rifting. SQ2 is the period of strong rifting, in which the depth of the water body of the lake basin has increased, and the salinized lake is at its peak stage. SQ3 is the period when the water body becomes shallow, in which the scope of the lake basin becomes larger, the closure weakens, and the saline lake evolves into a freshwater lake.
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图 1 银川盆地区域构造图及盆地地层与新近系岩性柱状图
据范高功和王利（2002）、何宗昊等（2013）修改.∈.寒武系；O.奥陶系；C.石炭系；P.二叠系；M.中生界；E.古近系
Fig. 1. Regional tectonic map and basin stratigraphy and Neoproterozoic lithology column of Yinchuan Basin
图 2 银川盆地南部牛首山烽台坡清水营组野外露头剖面
a.清水营组与干河沟组不整合接触，清水营组发育厚层棕红色泥岩；b.清水营组棕红色泥岩近照；c.清水营组棕红色泥岩夹薄层细砂岩；d.清水营组棕褐色泥岩泥岩夹薄层细砂岩近照；e.清水营组灰色泥岩夹薄层石膏岩；f.薄层石膏近照
Fig. 2. Field outcrop section of the Qingshuiying Formation on Niushoushan, southern part of the Yinchuan Basin
图 3 红墩子清水营组野外露头岩性特征
a.剖面顶部清水营组灰绿色泥岩，厚度约0.4 m；b.红柳沟组（彰恩堡组）与清水营组地层，清水营组发育灰绿色泥岩；c. 剖面顶部细砂岩，下部为厚层灰绿色泥岩夹薄层棕红色粉细砂岩；d.剖面显示清水营组发育多套灰绿色泥岩，最上部一套泥岩最厚约0.5 m
Fig. 3. Field outcrop lithologic characteristics of the Qingshuiying Formation in Hongdunzi
图 4 燕子湖清水营组野外露头岩性特征
a.燕子湖露头剖面全景；b.栅栏外上部灰绿色泥岩，厚度约1 m，下部棕红色泥岩；c.棕红色泥岩夹薄层细砂岩
Fig. 4. Field outcrop lithologic characteristics of the Qingshuiying Formation at Yanzi Lake area
图 5 银参4井钻井取心岩性特征
a. 块状灰色泥岩，清水营组，3 175.00 m；b. 块状灰色膏质泥岩，石膏成团块状，清水营组，3 715.80 m；c. 厚层盐岩，清水营组，3 582.00~ 3 595.50 m；d. 块状棕红色泥岩，清水营组，3 563.20 m；e. 块状深灰色泥岩，清水营组，2 581.10 m；f. 块状棕红色膏质泥岩，石膏呈脉状分布，清水营组，3 660.00 m；g. 水平层理灰色泥岩，清水营组，2 519.55 m；h. 脉状层理细砂岩，与底部泥岩突变接触，清水营组，3 576.25 m；i. 块状灰色细砂岩，碳屑发育，清水营组，2 183.00 m
Fig. 5. Lithologic characteristics of the core drilled from the Yincan4 Well
图 6 银堑1井清水营组岩心特征
a. 块状灰色泥岩，清水营组，3 743.25 m；b. 块状灰色细砂岩，清水营组，4 248.37 m；c. 块状灰色膏质泥岩，清水营组，3 744.53 m；d. 块状棕红色泥岩，清水营组，4 244.60 m；e. 砂泥岩薄互层，清水营组，4 250.35 m
Fig. 6. Core characteristics of the Qingshuiying Formation in the Yinqian1 Well
图 8 清水营组泥岩有机地化特征
Fig. 8. Organic geochemical characteristics of Qingshuiyingzu Formation
图 9 银堑1井层序划分及沉积综合柱状图
Fig. 9. Stratigraphic division and sedimentary synthesis bar chart of Yinqian1 Well
表 1 清水营组岩相类型划分
Table 1. Petrographic type classification of Qingshuiying Formation
分类 颜色 岩性 岩相 泥岩类 棕红色 泥岩 棕红色泥岩相 浅棕色 泥岩 浅棕色泥岩 灰绿色 泥岩 灰绿色泥岩 灰白色 泥岩 灰白色泥岩 砂岩类 浅棕色 粉砂岩 浅棕色粉砂岩 浅棕色 泥质粉砂岩 浅棕色泥质粉砂岩 灰色 细砂岩 灰色细砂岩 盐岩类 棕褐色 膏质白云岩 棕褐色膏质白云岩 黄灰色 膏岩 黄灰色膏岩 混合岩类 棕红色 含灰泥岩 棕红色含灰泥岩 棕褐色 白云质泥岩 棕褐色白云质泥岩 
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