Characteristics of Favorable Reservoir and Its Distribution Prediction in Middle-Deep Layers in Baiyun Sag, Pearl River Mouth Basin
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摘要: 白云凹陷中深层未探明油气资源潜力巨大，储层总体为低孔低渗储层，为了识别海域中深层有利储层的特征，寻找能用于指导有利储层宏观分布预测的主控因素，并对有利储层空间分布进行预测，对白云凹陷5A构造开展了研究.通过储层岩石学、储层物性特征及建设性成岩作用分析等微观方面与储层相带识别、厚层砂体发育的前积复合体预测、砂体与孔隙度地震反演及裂缝分布识别等宏观方面研究，对中深层有利储层“甜点”特征、宏观可识别的主控因素及空间分布规律开展分析.认为，白云5A构造辫状河三角洲平原与前缘中的分流河道和水下分流河道厚层中‒粗砂岩发育次生溶孔和微裂缝，可作为储层“甜点”；反映沉积微相的砂体厚度及反映建设性成岩作用的裂缝是宏观可以识别的储层“甜点”主控因素，可通过地震外部形态的“上拱”、内幕结构的叠置及微地貌的低洼3个特征在地震上识别厚层砂体发育的前积复合体；综合厚层砂体识别、砂体及孔隙度预测、裂缝分布识别三方面成果，认为白云5A构造中深层C块东部为储层“甜点”发育区.Abstract: Middle-deep layers in Baiyun sag have great potential for unexplored hydrocarbon resources. Reservoirs in the middle-deep layers are generally of low porosity and permeability. In order to describe the favorable reservoir characteristics, to find the reservoir macro-controlling factors, and to predict the special distribution of the favorable reservoirs, Baiyun 5A structure in Baiyun sag was studied. Taking middle-deep layers of Baiyun 5A structures for example, the microcosmic aspects such as reservoir lithology, reservoir properties, and constructive diagenesis and the macro aspects such as facies identification, prediction of progradation complex with thick sand, seismic inversion for sand and porosity, and fracture distribution recognition of reservoir are studied. Reservoir "sweet points" characteristics in the middle-deep layers, controlling factors that can be identified macroscopically, and special distribution of the "sweet points" are studied. It suggests that middle-coarse sandstones with big thickness in the distributary channels and underwater distributary channels in the Baiyun 5A structure developed secondary solution caves and microfractures, and these sandstones can be used as reservoir "sweet points". Sand body thickness that represents its microfacies and fractures that represent the constructive diagenesis are controlling factors that can be identified macroscopically for reservoir "sweet points" prediction. Progradation complex with thick sand can be identified through the shape of "bump", the superposed inside structure, and the low part of the microrelief in the seismic data. Combining the results of thick sand body identification, sand and porosity prediction, and fracture distribution recognition, the eastern part of the C block in the Baiyun 5A structure is recognized as the reservoir "sweet points".
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Key words:
- sweet point /
- diagenesis /
- controlling factors /
- distribution prediction /
- middle-deep strata /
- Baiyun sag /
- petroleum geology
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图 2 BY5B井恩平组上部‒珠海组六段沉积相综合柱状图
Fig. 2. Depositional facies of the upper Enping Formation and the sixth member of Zhuhai Formation in BY5B well
图 3 白云凹陷中深层岩石学特征
a.含砾中‒粗砂岩，恩平组，5 094~5 092 m，PY33井；b. 含砾中‒粗砂岩，砾石磨圆度较高，恩平组，5 107 m，BY5A井；c. 细‒中粒岩屑砂岩，珠海组下部，5 064~5 066 m，BY5B井；d. 含泥中‒细粒岩屑石英砂岩，珠海组上部，4 249.4 m，BY5B井
Fig. 3. Lithology characteristics of middle-deep strata in Baiyun sag
图 4 白云凹陷中深层恩平组上部(a)与珠海组(b)岩石矿物组分三角图
Ⅰ.石英砂岩；Ⅱ.亚长石砂岩；Ⅲ.亚岩屑质砂岩；Ⅳ.长石砂岩；Ⅴ.岩屑质长石砂岩；Ⅵ.长石质岩屑砂岩；Ⅶ.岩屑砂岩
Fig. 4. QFR charts of the upper Enping Formation (a) and Zhuhai Formation (b) in the middle-deep strata in Baiyun sag
图 5 白云5A构造中深层储层储集空间特征
a.粒内溶孔，5 109 m，BY5A井；b.残余粒间孔，5 109 m，实测孔隙度为8.5%，渗透率为0.133 mD，BY5A井；c.颗粒破裂缝，5 134 m，微裂缝非常发育，BY5A井；d.颗粒破裂缝，5 134 m，BY5A井，实测孔隙度为13.4%，渗透率为10.9 mD
Fig. 5. Storage space characteristics of reservoir in the middle-deep strata in Baiyun 5A structure
图 6 白云5A构造中深层储层物性特征
Fig. 6. Reservoir properties of the middle-deep strata in Baiyun 5A structure
图 7 不同渗透率下限所属砂岩占比直方图
Fig. 7. Percentage histogram of different types of sandstone with different permeability
图 8 单砂层厚度与单砂层平均渗透率的关系
Fig. 8. Relationship between the thickness and the average permeability of the single sandstone layers
图 9 不同解释结论砂岩厚度与储层物性的关系
Fig. 9. Relationship between the thickness and the reservoir properties of different well-log interpretation results
图 10 钻井揭示的砂体与预测砂体地震外部形态特征
Fig. 10. Seismic outlines of the sand bodies revealed by wells and the predicted area
图 11 钻井揭示的前积复合体宽厚比特征
Fig. 11. Width and thickness ration of the progradation complex revealed by wells
图 12 钻井揭示的厚砂体与预测厚砂体地震内幕结构特征
Fig. 12. Seismic inside structure of the sand bodies revealed by wells and the predicted area
图 13 钻井揭示的不同层段砂地比与微地貌特征
Fig. 13. Sand ratio and micro relief characteristics of different strata revealed by wells in Baiyun 5A structure
图 14 珠海组五段预测前积复合体地震相特征
a.剖面位置见图14b；b.微地貌特征
Fig. 14. Seismic facies characteristics of the predicted progradation complex in the 5th section of Zhuhai Formation
图 15 白云5A构造中深层岩石物理特征
a.白云5A构造中深层Vp/Vs与纵波阻抗交汇特征；b.BY5A井不同深度气层、差气层、干层和泥岩Vp/Vs特征；c.气层、差气层、干层孔隙度与岩性识别因子（纵波阻抗×Vp/Vs）的关系
Fig. 15. Rock physical properties of the middle-deep strata in Baiyun 5A structure
图 16 白云5A构造叠前Vp/Vs反演结果
a. 岩性反演结果；b.孔隙度反演结果
Fig. 16. Prestack inversion results of Vp/Vs and porosity in Baiyun 5A structure
图 17 白云5A构造T70各断块裂缝识别
a. T70各断块最大似然属性特征；b.T70各断块增强似然属性特征
Fig. 17. Fracture identification of different fault blocks on T70 surface in Baiyun 5A structure
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