高速远程冰-岩碎屑流研究进展

杨情情; 郑欣玉; 苏志满; 程谦恭; 任雨豪; 侯本勇

doi:10.3799/dqkx.2021.158

高速远程冰-岩碎屑流研究进展

doi: 10.3799/dqkx.2021.158

杨情情^{1, 2, ,},
郑欣玉¹,
苏志满³,
程谦恭^{1, 2, ,},
任雨豪¹,
侯本勇¹

1.
西南交通大学地球科学与环境工程学院，四川成都 611756
2.
西南交通大学高速铁路线路工程教育部重点实验室，四川成都 611756
3.
中国科学院成都山地灾害与环境研究所，四川成都 610041

基金项目:

第二次青藏高原综合科学考察研究项目 2019QZKK0905

国家自然科学基金项目 41402244

详细信息

作者简介:
杨情情(1984-)，女，副教授，博士，主要从事高速远程滑坡物理模型实验与数值模拟的教学与研究工作.ORCID: 0000-0001-7775-0844. E-mail: yangqq@swjtu.edu.cn

通讯作者:
程谦恭，E-mail: chengqiangong@home.swjtu.edu.cn

中图分类号: P642
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- 被引次数: 0
出版历程
- 收稿日期: 2021-06-27
- 刊出日期: 2022-03-25

Review on Rock-Ice Avalanches

Yang Qingqing^{1, 2
,
,},
Zheng Xinyu¹,
Su Zhiman³,
Cheng Qiangong^{1, 2
, ,},
Ren Yuhao¹,
Hou Benyong¹

1.
Faculty of Geosciences and Environmental Engineering, Southwest Jiaotong University, Chengdu 611756, China
2.
Key Laboratory of High-Speed Railway Engineering, MOE, Southwest Jiaotong University, Chengdu 611756, China
3.
Institute of Mountain Hazards and Environment, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Chengdu 610041, China

摘要

摘要:
冰-岩碎屑流是高寒山区陡峭山体斜坡区冰崩、岩崩或滑坡解体后形成的冰屑、岩块和土颗粒混合体高速流动现象.由于裹挟了冰屑，冰-岩碎屑流具有超强的运动性，屡屡引发震惊世人的灾难性事件，是全球气候变暖大背景下地质灾害研究的热点与前沿问题.通过对近40余年来的研究进展进行梳理和评述，指出了冰-岩碎屑流的概念由来和主流定义方法，阐述了其成因机制的气候敏感性，结合典型实例论述了区域发育特征，重点分析了运动特征、减阻机理和冰屑影响机制.冰-岩碎屑流的超强运动性被认为与低摩擦冰减阻机理、摩擦热融减阻机理、侧限约束减阻机理密切相关.冰屑作为材料组分和融水来源，能够降低界面摩擦、改变冰-水-岩相互作用，进而形成复杂的热-水-力耦合作用.今后应加强研究冰-岩碎屑流事件的成因机制和时空分布规律、运动特性和冰屑影响机制、过程演化观测与预警评估技术，以期揭示冰-岩碎屑流运动机理，为冰-岩碎屑流及链生灾害的科学减灾提供有力支撑.
- 冰-岩碎屑流 /
- 运动机理 /
- 冰屑影响机制 /
- 气候变暖 /
- 工程地质
Abstract:
Rock-ice avalanche is a special kind of rock avalanche involving ice, rock, and soil particles, which disintegrates from rock/ice avalanches or landslides in cold high-mountain regions. As involved ice, rock-ice avalanches have extremely high mobility and enormous destructive potential, under the background of global warming, the propagation mechanism of rock-ice avalanches is a frontier scientific issue in the field of geological disasters. The representative achievements in the field of rock-ice avalanches over last forty years were reviewed briefly. The terminology and definition of rock-ice avalanche were given. The formation mechanism and its climate sensitivity were investigated, and the regional development characteristics were analyzed. The propagation mechanism and the influence of ice were studied. The extremely high mobility of rock-ice avalanches was attributed to the low friction of icy surface, fluidization of meltwater, and channeling effects. The influence of ice is complicated by the low friction of icy surface and thermo-hydro-mechanical coupling. Further investigation should be conducted in the dynamic characteristics and propagation mechanism for improving relevant hazard mitigation.
- rock-ice avalanche /
- propagation mechanism /
- influence of ice /
- global warming /
- engineering geology

HTML全文

图 1 冰-岩碎屑流与普通(不含冰)高速远程滑坡的视摩擦系数对比

据Siebert(1984)、Evans and Clague(1988)、Hampton et al.(1996)、Legros(2002)、黄润秋(2007)、Schneider et al.(2011a)、Zhang and Yin(2013)

Fig. 1. The comparison chart of apparent friction coefficient of rock-ice avalanches and rock avalanches

下载: 全尺寸图片幻灯片

图 2 全球冰-岩碎屑流灾害分布

据Shreve(1966)、Evans and Clague(1988)、Van der Woerd et al.(2004)、Fischer et al.(2006)、Weidinger(2006)、Huggel et al.(2008)、Petrakov et al.(2008)、Evans et al.(2009b); Schneider et al.(2011a)、胡文涛等(2018)

Fig. 2. The distribution of rock-ice avalanches in the world

下载: 全尺寸图片幻灯片

图 3 典型冰-岩碎屑流实例

a. 中国易贡冰-岩碎屑流，笔者摄; b. 中国色东普冰-岩碎屑流，据赵永辉(2020); c. 尼泊尔Langtang冰-岩碎屑流，据Kargel et al.(2016); d. 俄罗斯Kolka冰-岩碎屑流，据Evans et al.(2009b); e. 加拿大Mt. Meager冰-岩碎屑流，据Evans and Delaney(2015); f. 秘鲁Huascarán冰-岩碎屑流，据Mergili et al.(2018)

Fig. 3. Typical examples of rock-ice avalanches

下载: 全尺寸图片幻灯片

图 4 沿下伏冰川运动的冰-岩碎屑流的减阻机制模型(De Blasio，2014)

Fig. 4. Mechanical model of rock-ice avalanche over glacier (De Blasio, 2014)

下载: 全尺寸图片幻灯片

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