Geochronology and Geochemistry Implications for Early Eocene Rongma Gabbros in Southern Margin of Lhasa Terrane, Tibet
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摘要: 印度-欧亚大陆初始碰撞后的新特提斯洋板片断离过程至今尚未得到较好的约束.对拉萨地体南缘荣玛地区早始新世辉长岩开展了锆石U-Pb定年、全岩主微量及Sr-Nd同位素分析，探讨了岩石成因及动力学意义，以进一步约束新特提斯洋板片断离过程.研究结果表明，荣玛辉长岩的锆石U-Pb年龄为51±1 Ma，形成于早始新世；地球化学特征显示富集大离子亲石元素（Rb、Sr、Ba），亏损高场强元素（Nb、Ta、Ti），初始87Sr/86Sr比值为0.705 9~0.706 6，εNd（t）值为+3.1~+3.3；与典型弧岩浆岩相比具有较高的Zr（134.28×10-6~230.07×10-6）、TiO2（1.04%~1.51%）、Nb（9.01×10-6~14.67×10-6）含量，显示出典型板内玄武岩的地球化学属性.岩石源区除了来自俯冲板片释放的流体交代的岩石圈亏损地幔外，同时可能受到深部软流圈地幔物质的加入.结合南部拉萨地体已发表的始新世岩浆岩的地球化学及年代学数据，进一步约束新特提斯洋板片断离时间不晚于51 Ma.Abstract: The slab breakoff of the Neo-Tethys Ocean after the initial India-Asia collisional has not been well constrained up to now. In this paper, zircon U-Pb dating, whole rock major and trace element and Sr-Nd isotopes analysis of the Early Eocene gabbros in the Rongma area on the southern margin of the Lhasa terrane have been carried out, the petrogenesis and geodynamical implication are discussed to further constrain the slab breakoff of the Neo-Tethyan oceanic slab.The results show that zircon U-Pb ages of 51±1 Ma have been obtained for Rongma gabbros, indicating they were formed in the Early Eocene.The Rongma gabbros are enriched in LILEs (such as Rb, Sr, Ba) and depleted in HFSEs (such as Nb, Ta, Ti) with initial 87Sr/86Sr=0.705 9-0.706 6 and εNd(t)=+3.1-+3.3. Compared with typical arc magmas, the Rongma gabbros have high contents of Zr (134.28×10-6-230.07×10-6), TiO2(1.04%-1.51%) and Nb (9.01×10-6-14.67×10-6), suggesting a geochemical intraplate-affinity. In addition, Rongma gabbros were derived from depleted lithospheric mantle which metasomatized by slab-derived fluids during Neo-Tethyan subduction, accompanied with significant contributions from deep asthenosphere mantle.Combined with the geochemical and geochronological data of the Cenozoic magmatic rocks from the southern Lhasa terrane, it further proposes that slab breakoff of the Neo-Tethys Ocean has occurred before 51 Ma.
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Key words:
- Early Eocene /
- southern Lhasa terrane /
- gabbro /
- slab breakoff /
- Neo-Tethys Ocean /
- geochemistry
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图 1 青藏高原构造简图(a)；拉萨地体岩浆岩分布图(b)；研究区地质简图(c)
图a据Zhu et al., 2011；图b据Liu et al., 2017；图c据Wang et al., 2019
Fig. 1. Tectonic sketch map of Tibetan plateau (a); magmatic rock distribution in Lhasa terrane (b); geological map of research area (c)
图 2 荣玛辉长岩野外露头及显微照片
Amp.角闪石；Pl.斜长石
Fig. 2. Field and microscope photos of Rongma gabbros
图 3 荣玛辉长岩锆石U-Pb谐和图和206Pb/238U加权平均年龄图及荣玛辉长岩样品锆石的阴极发光图像
Fig. 3. LA-ICP-MS zircon U–Pb concordia diagram (a, c, e) and weighted average age diagram (b, d, f) of Rongma gabbros
图 4 荣玛辉长岩Nb/Y-Zr/TiO2×0.000 1 (a)和Co-Th图(b)
图a据Winchester and Floyd(1977)；图b据Hastine et al.(2007). 南拉萨地体早始新世基性岩数据贾黎黎等(2013)；Huang et al.(2017)；Ma et al.(2017)
Fig. 4. Nb/Y-Zr/TiO2×0.000 1 (a), Co-Th (b) diagrams of Rongma gabbros
图 5 微量元素原始地幔标准化蛛网图(a)和荣玛辉长岩稀土元素球粒陨石标准化配分图(b)
南拉萨地体早始新世基性岩贾黎黎等（2013），Huang et al.（2017），Ma et al.（2017）；南拉萨地体早侏罗世比马组玄武岩数据引自Kang et al.（2014）
Fig. 5. Primitive mantle-normalized trace element diagram (a) and chondrite-normalized REE diagram (b) of Rongma gabbros
图 6 荣玛辉长岩(87Sr/86Sr)i-εNd(t)图解
数据贾黎黎等(2013)；Huang et al.(2017)
Fig. 6. (87Sr/86Sr)i-εNd(t) diagram of Rongma gabbros
图 8 荣玛辉长岩SiO2-Nb/Ta (a)、SiO2-Zr/Nb (b)、SiO2-(87Sr/86Sr)i (c)、SiO2-εNd(t) (d)、La-La/Sm (e)、La-La/Yb (f)、MgO-Ni (g) and MgO-Cr (h)图解
Fig. 8. SiO2-Nb/Ta (a), SiO2-Zr/Nb (b), SiO2-(87Sr/86Sr)i (c), SiO2-εNd(t) (d), La-La/Sm (e), La-La/Yb (f), MgO-Ni (g) and MgO-Cr (h) diagrams of Rongma gabbros
图 9 荣玛辉长岩(Ta/La)N-(Hf/Sm)N(a)、Th/Zr-Nb/Zr (b)、U/Th-Th/Nb (c)和La/Yb-Dy/Yb (d)图解
图a据La Flèche et al., 1998；图b据Zhao and Zhou, 2007；图c据Hawkins and Ishizuka, 2009；图d据Xu et al., 2005
Fig. 9. (Ta/La)N-(Hf/Sm)N (a), Th/Zr-Nb/Zr (b), U/Th-Th/Nb (c) and La/Yb-Dy/Yb (d) diagrams of Rongma gabbros
图 10 荣玛辉长岩微量元素构造环境判别图
图a据Wood et al.(1979)；图b据Meschede(1986)；图c据Pearce and Norry(1979)
Fig. 10. Discrimination diagrams for tectonic setting of Rongma gabbros
图 11 南部拉萨地体晚白垩纪-新生代岩浆岩结晶年龄直方图(a)(据Zhu et al., 2019)及荣玛辉长岩成岩模式(b)
Fig. 11. Histogram of crystallization ages of Late Cretaceous-Cenozoic magmatic rocks on the southern Lhasa terrane (a) and diagenetic pattern (b) of Rongma gabbros
表 1 荣玛辉长岩LA-ICP-MS锆石U-Pb测试结果
Table 1. Zircon LA-ICP-MS U-Pb analysis data of Rongma gabbros
测点号 元素含量(10-6) Th/U 同位素比值 年龄(Ma) U Th 206Pb* 207Pb/206Pb ±1σ 207Pb/235U ±1σ 206Pb/238U ±1σ 206Pb/238U ±1σ XC03-1（29°19'36.9″, 88°23'13.1″） 1 2 879 2 597 39.97 0.90 0.046 9 0.002 5 0.055 1 0.002 5 0.008 2 0.000 1 53 1 2 1 454 1 119 20.28 0.77 0.046 0 0.003 2 0.053 7 0.003 9 0.008 2 0.000 1 53 1 3 1 955 1 660 34.63 0.85 0.048 0 0.005 4 0.057 1 0.006 8 0.008 4 0.000 1 54 1 4 1 017 1 064 16.57 1.05 0.049 1 0.004 8 0.050 4 0.004 8 0.007 7 0.000 2 49 1 5 1 250 989 18.93 0.79 0.048 6 0.002 9 0.054 0 0.003 0 0.008 2 0.000 2 53 1 6 841 657 12.91 0.78 0.047 7 0.006 4 0.050 2 0.006 6 0.007 6 0.000 2 49 1 7 945 659 13.73 0.70 0.049 2 0.003 5 0.052 3 0.003 5 0.007 9 0.000 1 51 1 8 648 421 8.75 0.65 0.047 9 0.007 2 0.050 9 0.007 6 0.007 5 0.000 2 48 1 9 396 256 5.50 0.65 0.048 9 0.004 3 0.050 8 0.003 7 0.007 8 0.000 2 50 1 10 433 560 8.30 1.29 0.049 4 0.004 6 0.049 7 0.004 2 0.007 7 0.000 2 50 1 11 742 488 10.48 0.66 0.049 3 0.003 8 0.050 6 0.003 4 0.007 8 0.000 1 50 1 XC04-3（29°19'36.9″, 88°23'13.1″） 1 1 325 776 15.98 0.59 0.048 3 0.005 8 0.049 4 0.005 4 0.007 6 0.000 4 49 3 2 775 752 17.04 0.97 0.046 6 0.008 4 0.055 2 0.008 8 0.008 4 0.000 2 54 2 3 2 123 1 851 33.16 0.87 0.047 0 0.003 6 0.052 3 0.003 9 0.008 1 0.000 2 52 1 4 1 241 766 16.77 0.62 0.048 0 0.006 0 0.052 5 0.005 6 0.008 0 0.000 2 51 1 5 826 446 10.29 0.54 0.050 4 0.006 8 0.052 2 0.006 1 0.008 0 0.000 3 51 2 6 469 367 6.67 0.78 0.048 6 0.006 8 0.050 2 0.006 0 0.007 7 0.000 2 49 1 7 1 380 1 532 23.29 1.11 0.047 3 0.007 4 0.051 0 0.006 4 0.008 0 0.000 3 51 2 8 1 154 1 467 27.28 1.27 0.049 1 0.004 7 0.055 8 0.005 4 0.008 3 0.000 2 53 2 9 1 600 1 099 26.55 0.69 0.047 1 0.003 2 0.051 0 0.003 4 0.007 9 0.000 1 51 1 10 2 041 1 232 33.39 0.60 0.048 0 0.004 9 0.050 3 0.005 0 0.007 7 0.000 1 49 1 11 1 265 830 18.84 0.66 0.046 3 0.003 3 0.057 5 0.005 1 0.0088 0.000 3 56 2 12 1 220 799 19.05 0.65 0.0492 0.004 6 0.050 3 0.004 1 0.007 5 0.000 2 48 2 XC05-2（29°19′36. 9″、88 °23′13. 1″） 1 1 469 1 314 22.96 0.89 0.049 0 0.004 7 0.052 7 0.005 0 0.007 8 0.000 2 50 1 2 452 351 6.48 0.78 0.052 2 0.007 1 0.051 0 0.005 6 0.007 6 0.000 3 49 2 3 801 303 8.68 0.38 0.047 3 0.011 0 0.050 8 0.009 2 0.007 9 0.000 4 51 2 4 947 527 12.74 0.56 0.049 1 0.002 9 0.055 0 0.003 3 0.008 2 0.000 1 53 1 5 1 019 729 14.02 0.72 0.050 8 0.003 8 0.053 6 0.003 9 0.007 8 0.000 1 50 1 6 880 1 429 21.70 1.62 0.048 4 0.008 1 0.050 5 0.006 6 0.007 7 0.000 2 50 1 7 914 501 11.57 0.55 0.048 6 0.006 7 0.050 5 0.006 5 0.007 7 0.000 3 50 2 8 1 347 652 16.48 0.48 0.048 3 0.003 6 0.050 8 0.003 5 0.007 7 0.000 1 49 1 9 903 500 11.41 0.55 0.046 9 0.007 0 0.048 2 0.006 6 0.007 8 0.000 2 50 2 10 956 1 164 17.48 1.22 0.047 4 0.009 0 0.051 6 0.008 9 0.007 9 0.000 4 51 2 
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表 2 荣玛辉长岩主量元素(%)和微量元素(10-6)分析数据
Table 2. Major (%) and trace (10-6) element analyses of Rongma gabbros
样品编号 XC03-1 XC03-2 XC03-3 XC03-4 XC03-5 XC04-3 XC04-4 XC04-5 XC05-2 XC05-3 SiO2 50.08 45.33 52.32 49.94 48.07 51.39 48.82 52.96 53.59 53.55 TiO2 1.43 1.45 1.31 1.51 1.30 1.18 1.42 1.04 1.16 1.14 Al2O3 27.81 27.79 25.12 26.77 26.42 26.06 27.45 22.33 23.03 22.48 Fe2O3 8.01 12.13 8.82 9.30 10.48 9.94 7.09 10.01 11.40 11.47 MnO 0.03 0.06 0.04 0.03 0.05 0.07 0.05 0.06 0.06 0.05 MgO 1.44 2.13 1.40 1.11 1.98 1.43 1.44 1.83 1.62 1.55 CaO 0.29 0.31 0.30 0.39 0.47 0.69 0.67 1.09 0.61 0.78 Na2O 1.01 0.65 1.17 0.77 0.96 1.82 1.34 1.75 0.89 0.94 K2O 5.33 5.42 4.69 5.75 5.28 3.72 5.80 3.81 3.81 3.63 P2O5 0.05 0.05 0.05 0.12 0.14 0.09 0.13 0.25 0.15 0.17 LOI 4.37 4.47 4.04 4.05 4.66 3.83 4.30 4.17 3.42 3.64 Total 99.85 99.79 99.26 99.75 99.80 99.24 99.51 99.29 99.74 99.40 Mg# 26.20 25.82 23.91 19.17 27.23 22.19 28.73 26.62 21.97 21.13 La 55.78 25.51 27.93 30.93 24.48 42.37 61.84 29.22 42.53 35.89 Ce 83.59 55.24 61.16 71.14 56.62 72.87 97.76 53.93 61.41 63.63 Pr 10.24 5.44 7.57 9.33 7.66 8.95 12.81 6.48 8.82 8.44 Nd 34.99 22.07 33.00 41.32 35.47 34.50 51.19 27.83 33.69 33.88 Sm 5.46 5.05 7.52 9.85 8.51 6.80 8.80 6.63 7.09 7.57 Eu 1.93 1.53 1.84 2.42 1.86 1.93 2.12 1.75 1.82 1.80 Gd 5.73 5.03 6.90 9.33 8.46 5.27 7.78 6.94 7.41 7.12 Tb 1.10 0.90 1.15 1.50 1.36 0.86 1.29 1.11 1.25 1.13 Dy 7.32 5.83 7.02 8.84 8.27 5.29 8.25 6.68 7.82 6.73 Ho 1.56 1.24 1.41 1.75 1.70 1.10 1.78 1.35 1.69 1.38 Er 4.62 3.72 4.03 4.89 4.82 3.19 5.23 3.80 4.96 3.98 Tm 0.70 0.58 0.61 0.72 0.73 0.51 0.81 0.57 0.77 0.61 Yb 4.40 3.90 3.99 4.59 4.65 3.34 5.22 3.58 4.97 4.00 Y 41.98 32.03 33.86 40.73 42.71 28.38 47.12 36.20 47.50 34.80 Lu 0.66 0.57 0.58 0.65 0.70 0.51 0.81 0.54 0.77 0.59 Li 14.7 26.1 20.2 11.4 20.0 16.6 12.0 16.6 28.4 28.2 Be 1.88 2.05 1.66 1.80 1.72 1.59 2.23 1.24 1.51 1.50 Sc 31.72 37.38 29.93 23.43 33.65 29.17 28.19 31.41 32.61 32.84 V 455.83 266.78 201.11 96.24 312.30 199.73 214.28 176.48 169.89 216.90 Cr 6.70 5.64 3.05 0.48 4.45 3.32 3.81 6.42 3.02 2.90 Co 14.48 27.30 15.18 14.30 22.79 14.80 13.88 20.64 26.95 25.78 Ni 4.65 6.10 2.93 1.17 5.40 3.37 2.52 4.83 3.11 2.67 Cu 156.39 109.70 92.47 101.35 101.50 130.40 92.13 98.67 60.15 62.71 Zn 73.57 150.93 94.93 57.09 105.67 90.80 81.86 101.37 124.36 108.30 Ga 24.72 27.96 24.62 24.50 26.75 25.31 27.05 23.15 26.04 25.17 Rb 112.31 103.45 96.01 110.79 104.85 70.36 119.80 72.97 104.67 100.21 Sr 281.38 211.89 288.56 231.43 272.90 378.63 304.28 326.36 252.98 253.52 Zr 153.04 162.26 179.74 230.07 161.27 153.02 181.39 134.28 160.26 159.62 Nb 9.58 10.36 11.16 14.67 10.03 10.58 12.18 9.01 10.24 10.13 Mo 0.10 0.12 0.22 0.18 0.11 0.66 0.19 0.26 0.15 0.38 Cs 19.94 16.58 13.95 12.91 19.86 18.99 14.87 18.38 11.84 12.43 Ba 1 079.57 980.53 933.17 887.49 963.78 1 272.91 1 903.92 905.23 752.59 710.18 Hf 4.06 4.19 4.70 5.95 4.18 4.03 4.75 3.51 4.18 4.21 Ta 0.54 0.59 0.65 0.81 0.56 0.59 0.69 0.50 0.59 0.58 Ti 8 128.64 8 282.05 7 484.63 8 640.58 7 303.29 6 861.87 8 161.26 5 970.61 6 693.00 6 757.76 Pb 12.23 13.69 12.83 15.05 13.09 8.84 10.16 8.60 7.24 7.84 Se 0.77 0.62 0.72 1.28 1.06 1.05 1.04 1.06 1.04 0.79 Th 6.12 6.86 6.95 9.35 6.26 7.02 7.25 5.75 6.32 6.47 U 1.80 2.35 1.83 2.40 1.91 1.36 2.40 1.09 1.59 1.54 LaN/YbN 8.55 4.42 4.72 4.55 3.55 8.54 8.00 5.50 5.77 6.06 δEu 1.05 0.92 0.77 0.76 0.66 0.95 0.76 0.79 0.76 0.74 δCe 0.80 1.09 1.01 1.02 1.01 0.87 0.81 0.92 0.74 0.87
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表 3 荣玛辉长岩Sr-Nd同位素分析数据
Table 3. Sr-Nd isotope analysis data of Rongma gabbros
样品编号 XC03-1 XC04-3 XC05-2 岩性 辉长岩 辉长岩 辉长岩 87Rb/86Sr 1.154 540 0.537 540 1.196 860 87Sr/86Sr 0.706 728 0.707 013 0.707 075 (87Sr/86Sr)i 0.705 900 0.706 600 0.706 200 147Sm/144Nd 0.094 290 0.119 100 0.127 160 143Nd/144Nd 0.512 761 0.512 781 0.512 776 (143Nd/144Nd)i 0.512 730 0.512 741 0.512 734 εNd(t) 3.1 3.3 3.1 TDM1 (Ma) 499 598 662 TDM2 (Ma) 610 591 603
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