High-Resolution Stratigraphic Framework of Miocene Kora Volcano in Taranaki Basin, New Zealand
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摘要: 建立埋藏火山的高精度地层格架对了解火山系统的演化、储层成因和资源潜力等具有重要意义.以新西兰Taranaki盆地中新世Kora火山为例，利用小波变换和井震联合对比等方法，开展火山地层高精度格架分析.在Kora火山识别出20个堆积单元，主要为火山碎屑堆积单元以及再搬运碎屑堆积单元，可合并为5个部分（相当于5个火山机构）；整体上火山地层的建造与喷发中心的形成和迁移有关. 利用井和常规三维地震数据可以较为准确地识别出喷发间断不整合界面系统、可建立堆积单元尺度的高精度地层格架，利用常规三维地震数据只能识别出部分喷发间断不整合界面、只能建立火山机构尺度的地层格架. 相对年代的高精度地层格架是埋藏火山的更好选择.Abstract: Establishment of high-resolution volcano-stratigraphic frameworks (HRVF) of buried volcanoes is important for understanding the evolution of the volcanic system and its potential to form volcanic reservoirs. Taking Miocene Kora volcano in Taranaki Basin, New Zealand as an example, in this paper it uses wavelet transform and well-seismic correlation to analyze the HRVF. It mapped 20 units that include predominately deposits from pyroclastic eruptions, together with reworked debris deposits. The Kora Volcano can be divided into five parts according to major unconformities that are related with active and quiescent eruptive periods and with the formation and migration of distinctive eruptive centers. The outline framework can be built by using the conventional 3D seismic data, and the HRVF can be built by using the wells and conventional 3D seismic data. The better choice for building the HRVF of the buried volcano is in relative age.
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图 1 研究区位置
a. Taranaki盆地的构造位置；b. Mohakatino火山带的位置(据Bischoff et al., 2017)；c. Kora火山形态特征
Fig. 1. The location of study area
图 2 新西兰Taranaki盆地新近纪‒第四纪综合柱状图(据King and Thrasher, 1996修改)
Fig. 2. The Neogene- Quaternary composite column of Taranaki Basin in New Zealand(modified from King and Thrasher, 1996)
图 3 新西兰Taranaki盆地Kora-1井中新世火山地层界面和堆积单元
Fig. 3. The volcano-stratigraphic boundaries and units of Miocene Volcano of Well Kora-1 in Taranaki Basin, New Zealand
图 4 新西兰Taranaki盆地Kora火山火山地层界面系统
Fig. 4. The volcano-stratigraphic boundary system of Kora Volcano in Taranaki Basin, New Zealand
图 5 新西兰Taranaki盆地Kora-1a井中新世火山喷发间断不整合界面特征
Fig. 5. The EIUB characteristics of Miocene volcano of Well Kora-1a in Taranaki Basin, New Zealand
图 6 新西兰Taranaki盆地Kora火山的火山地层堆积单元的解释
地层单元通过岩心、密度测井、声波测井和地震相分析确定
Fig. 6. The interpretation of volcano-stratigraphic units of Kora Volcano in Taranaki Basin, New Zealand
图 7 新西兰Taranaki盆地Kora火山碎屑堆积单元特征
Fig. 7. The characteristics of pyroclastic deposit units of Kora Volcano in Taranaki Basin, New Zealand
图 8 新西兰Taranaki盆地Kora火山再搬运碎屑堆积单元特征
Fig. 8. The characteristics of reworked debris deposit units of Kora Volcano in Taranaki Basin, New Zealand
图 9 新西兰Taranaki盆地Kora火山的相对地质年代高分辨率地层格架
沉积岩年龄来自生物地层学研究(Bergman et al., 1992；Kutovaya et al., 2019)，火山岩的年龄测定采用K-Ar和Ar-Ar测年方法(Bergman et al., 1992). 样品是明显蚀变的角闪石，火山岩的年龄数据精度不高，因此火山地层格架的年龄数据仅基于生物地层学数据
Fig. 9. The high-resolution volcano-stratigraphic framework in relative geologic age of Kora Volcano in Taranaki Basin, New Zealand
图 10 新西兰Taranaki盆地Kora火山各机构的测井密度特征和典型孔隙特征
f. 火山机构5，Kora-1井，1 798 m，凝灰岩；g. 火山机构4，Kora-2井，1 323 m，凝灰岩；h. 火山机构3，Kora-3井，1 804.8 m，沉火山角砾岩，强钙质胶结；i. 火山机构2，Kora-1井，1 990.1 m，晶屑凝灰岩，长石具有微裂缝；j. 火山机构1，Kora-1井，2 575 m，凝灰质砾岩，安山岩砾石. N为数据总数或样品数，图a~e中黄点为右侧典型照片对应的密度值，孔隙度数据据唐华风等(2021)
Fig. 10. Characteristics of density and void space of volcanic edifices in Kora Volcano, Taranaki Basin, New Zealand
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