Characterization of Pore Structure and Heterogeneity of Shale Reservoir from Wufeng Formation-Sublayers Long-11 in Western Chongqing Based on Nuclear Magnetic Resonance
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摘要: 选取渝西地区五峰组-龙一1亚段富有机质页岩开展场发射扫描电镜、核磁共振和X射线衍射等实验，在图像处理和多重分形理论的基础上，分析了页岩储层孔隙结构特征及非均质性.结果表明：（1）扫描电镜分析认为，研究区有机孔平均孔径偏小， < 50 nm的有机孔数量占比82%，>100 nm的有机孔面孔率占比52%；（2）依据核磁T2谱峰形态划分为Ⅰ~Ⅲ类，分别为单峰、双峰和三峰3种类型，Ⅲ类页岩储层孔径、孔隙度较大，具备更优越的储集条件和渗流能力；（3）基于多重分形理论表征储层非均质性，石英含量越高，黏土含量越低非均质性越弱，进而控制着孔隙度和渗透率的大小.多重分形参数与矿物组分、物性参数的联系有效表征了储层孔隙结构，并为其非均质性的评估提供了新的视角.Abstract: Select the organic-rich shale of the Wufeng Formation-sublayers Long-11 in western Chongqing to carry out field emission scanning electron microscopy, nuclear magnetic resonance and X-ray diffraction experiments. Based on image processing and multifractal theory, the pore structure of the shale reservoir was analyzed. Characteristics and heterogeneity. The results show that: (1) Scanning electron microscopy analysis shows that the average pore size of organic pores in the study area is too small. The number of organic pores < 50 nm accounted for 82%, and the number of organic pores >100 nm accounted for 52%; (2)According to the NMR T2 spectrum peak shape, it is divided into categories Ⅰ~Ⅲ, which are single-peak, double-peak and three-peak respectively. The shale reservoir of type Ⅲ has larger pore size and porosity, and has better storage conditions and seepage capacity; (3)Based on the multifractal theory to characterize the heterogeneity of the reservoir, the higher the quartz content, the lower the clay content, the weaker the heterogeneity, which in turn controls the porosity and permeability. The relationship between multifractal parameters and mineral components and physical property parameters effectively characterizes the pore structure of the reservoir and provides a new perspective for the evaluation of its heterogeneity.
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Key words:
- shale reservoir /
- pore structure /
- nuclear magnetic resonance /
- multifractal /
- heterogeneity /
- petroleum geology
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图 1 研究区位置(a、b)、研究区构造背景(c)与Z206井柱状图(d)
Fig. 1. Location of the study area (a, b), the structural background of the study area (c) and the column diagram of the Z206 well (d)
图 2 五峰-龙马溪组页岩储层有机质孔隙的形成和生长过程
Fig. 2. Formation and growth process of organic matter pores in shale reservoirs of Wufeng Longmaxi formation
图 3 研究区页岩有机质孔隙数量、占比及面孔率分布图
Fig. 3. Pore diameter distribution of shale organic matter in the study area
图 4 研究区页岩有机质孔隙数量、占比及面孔率分布
Fig. 4. Pore diameter distribution of shale organic matter in the study area
图 5 核磁共振T2分布及孔隙结构参数计算示意图
Fig. 5. NMR T2 distribution and schematic diagram of pore structure parameter calculation
图 6 渗透率与核磁共振孔隙结构参数相关性
Fig. 6. Correlation graph between permeability and NMR pore structure parameters
图 8 不同类型的T2分布及其对应的多重分形谱函数和广义分形维数谱
a~c为Ⅰ型，d~e为Ⅱ型，g~i为Ⅲ型
Fig. 8. Different types of T2 distributions and their corresponding multifractal spectra and generalized fractal dimensions
图 9 多重分形参数与孔隙度、渗透率相关性图
Fig. 9. Correlation diagram of multifractal parameters with porosity and permeability
图 10 多重分形参数与矿物组分相关性图
Fig. 10. Correlation diagram of multifractal parameters and mineral composition
表 1 样品矿物组成及有机质含量
Table 1. Mineral composition and organic matter content of samples
井号 样品 层位 深度 TOC 矿物组分（%） （m） (%) 黏土 石英 长石 方解石 白云石 Z205 #7 龙马溪组 3 327.6 2.24 37.9 42.2 6.7 3.9 5.5 Z205 #12 龙马溪组 3 331.6 2.87 14.6 55.2 3.2 14.5 9.2 Z205 #11 龙马溪组 3 346.2 4.30 16.1 46.3 1.8 11.4 22.9 Z205 #4 五峰组 3 352.3 1.01 20.4 50.7 5.8 10.3 9.4 Z203 #17 龙马溪组 4 100.8 4.56 10.2 64.7 2.8 6.3 13.0 Z203 #16 龙马溪组 4 104.1 4.85 13.4 68.1 2.9 7.1 4.3 Z203 #18 龙马溪组 4 105.7 5.43 23.4 32.8 4.3 27.5 10.2 Z206 #3 龙马溪组 4 223.8 1.67 33.0 48.1 6.2 4.9 5.4 Z206 #5 龙马溪组 4 259.0 2.51 22.7 48.5 8.2 8.6 9.1 Z206 #6 五峰组 4 270.1 2.02 15.4 55.6 5.6 13.3 7.6 Z206 #2 五峰组 4 273.2 1.67 21.7 65.2 3.7 1.7 3.2 Z206 #1 五峰组 4 274.7 1.54 30.3 51.1 4.8 6.6 6.5 Z208 #9 龙马溪组 4 351.4 2.91 41.7 22.2 6.3 13.0 10.4 Z208 #10 龙马溪组 4 361.3 3.98 41.0 43.0 4.4 2.4 6.5 Z208 #13 龙马溪组 4 366.0 4.64 29.3 42.5 11.3 3.2 6.7 Z208 #8 龙马溪组 4 366.7 4.64 23.7 60.2 6.4 4.5 4.2 Z208 #14 五峰组 4 370.6 2.86 36.8 37.1 6.1 12.4 6.2 Z208 #15 五峰组 4 373.7 1.05 46.2 28.4 8.2 9.5 4.8 
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表 2 岩石物理性质及核磁共振孔隙结构参数
Table 2. Physical properties and pore structure parameters from NMR tests
T2分布类型 样品 φHe(%) kHe(mD) φNMR(%) kSDR(mD) T15(ms) T35(ms) T50(ms) Tlm(ms) Ⅰ #1 3.23 0.003 3.13 0.001 5.20 0.50 0.29 0.53 #2 4.22 0.003 2.80 0.000 1.28 0.42 0.26 0.40 #3 3.55 0.002 3.17 0.000 0.95 0.38 0.24 0.32 #4 3.14 0.007 3.28 0.007 13.16 0.76 0.37 0.85 #5 3.03 0.008 2.98 0.003 13.69 0.65 0.33 0.76 #6 2.78 0.004 2.42 0.001 21.07 0.54 0.27 0.75 平均 3.33 0.004 2.96 0.002 9.23 0.54 0.29 0.60 Ⅱ #7 5.16 0.023 4.30 0.015 3.98 1.01 0.47 0.73 #8 4.35 0.011 3.94 0.018 5.05 1.19 0.55 0.90 #9 5.90 0.027 4.97 0.047 4.95 1.54 0.72 0.89 #10 4.21 0.018 4.59 0.102 29.12 1.92 0.64 1.41 #11 4.22 0.010 4.05 0.011 5.41 0.97 0.44 0.72 #12 4.54 0.012 3.64 0.016 6.20 1.37 0.63 0.97 平均 4.73 0.017 4.25 0.035 9.12 1.33 0.58 0.94 Ⅲ #13 7.40 0.015 7.19 0.570 7.48 3.30 1.84 1.64 #14 6.47 0.015 6.68 0.608 9.38 2.96 1.56 1.96 #15 6.87 0.014 9.08 1.831 15.91 3.36 1.68 2.26 #16 4.49 0.017 4.98 0.244 12.47 3.12 1.51 1.86 #17 5.49 0.014 5.73 0.234 8.24 3.03 1.45 1.50 #18 4.56 0.013 5.52 0.185 8.56 3.21 1.49 1.41 #18 4.56 0.013 5.52 0.185 8.56 3.21 1.49 1.41 平均 5.69 0.014 6.39 0.551 10.09 3.17 1.57 1.72
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表 3 多重分形特征参数
Table 3. Multifractal characteristic parameters
样品 Dmin Dmax D0 D1 D2 D0-Dmax Dmin-D0 ΔD amax amin a0 Δa #1 2.02 0.70 1.00 0.85 0.75 0.30 1.03 1.32 2.20 0.68 1.00 1.52 #2 1.98 0.68 1.00 0.82 0.73 0.31 0.98 1.29 2.17 0.66 1.00 1.51 #3 2.09 0.67 1.00 0.80 0.71 0.33 1.10 1.42 2.25 0.65 1.00 1.60 #4 2.02 0.74 1.00 0.89 0.79 0.26 1.02 1.28 2.22 0.71 1.00 1.51 #5 2.00 0.73 1.00 0.88 0.78 0.27 1.00 1.28 2.19 0.70 1.00 1.49 #6 1.95 0.71 1.00 0.88 0.77 0.29 0.96 1.25 2.15 0.68 1.00 1.46 #7 2.14 0.77 1.00 0.87 0.81 0.23 1.15 1.38 2.32 0.74 1.00 1.58 #8 2.11 0.78 1.00 0.88 0.82 0.22 1.11 1.33 2.30 0.76 1.00 1.53 #9 2.18 0.79 1.00 0.87 0.82 0.21 1.19 1.39 2.36 0.78 1.00 1.58 #10 2.16 0.79 1.00 0.90 0.85 0.20 1.16 1.36 2.34 0.76 1.00 1.57 #11 2.13 0.76 1.00 0.88 0.81 0.24 1.13 1.37 2.31 0.74 1.00 1.57 #12 2.10 0.79 1.00 0.89 0.82 0.21 1.10 1.31 2.28 0.77 1.00 1.51 #13 2.27 0.75 1.00 0.86 0.81 0.25 1.28 1.52 2.45 0.72 1.00 1.73 #14 2.23 0.78 1.00 0.89 0.83 0.21 1.24 1.45 2.42 0.75 1.00 1.67 #15 2.29 0.80 1.00 0.89 0.85 0.20 1.29 1.49 2.50 0.77 1.00 1.72 #16 2.12 0.81 1.00 0.91 0.85 0.18 1.12 1.30 2.32 0.79 1.00 1.53 #17 2.18 0.80 1.00 0.89 0.84 0.20 1.18 1.38 2.39 0.77 1.00 1.61 #18 2.22 0.81 1.00 0.87 0.84 0.19 1.22 1.41 2.38 0.78 1.00 1.60
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