Lithological Combination Types and Characteristics of Continental Shale Strata in the Second Sub-Member of Da'anzhai in Central Sichuan
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摘要: 川中地区下侏罗统自流井组大安寨段湖相页岩非均质性强，有利岩性组合的研究对目标层段的选取较为关键.通过对21口井的岩心观察与描述、有机质含量与主微量元素测定等，划分了岩性段及组合类型，并探讨了各组合类型特征.结果表明：大二亚段页岩层系主要发育泥质介壳灰岩、灰黑色页岩、含介壳页岩3类岩性，针对其生物介壳发育的特征，识别出特殊的介壳层岩性段；进一步总结出4类岩性段类型，A块状介壳灰岩段、B页岩与介壳层互层段、C页岩夹介壳层段、D纯页岩段.4类岩性段的古环境特征差异反映了不同的页岩油潜力，半潮湿-潮湿的古气候、较高的古生产力、合适的沉积速率，以及缺氧还原、半咸水-淡水环境有利于有机质的富集与保存，由此综合优选出有利岩性段类型为C页岩夹介壳层段，D纯页岩段次之.Abstract: The lacustrine shale in the Da'anzhai Member of Ziliujing Formation of Lower Jurassic in Central Sichuan has strong heterogeneity, and the study of favorable lithological combinations is critical to the selection of the target interval. Through the observation and description of cores of more than 21 wells, the determination of organic matter contents and major and trace elements, it classifies lithological combinations and discusses the characteristics of each type. The results show that the shale strata of Da2 sub-member mainly developed three types of lithology: muddy shell limestone, gray-black shale, and shell-bearing shale. Then, according to the characteristics of its biological shell development, the special shell-rich layer was identified. Furthermore, it summarizes 4 types of lithological sections: A massive shell limestone section, B shale and shell-rich layer interbedded section, C shale intercalated shell-rich layer section, D pure shale section. The differences in paleoenvironmental characteristics of the 4 lithological sections types reflect different shale oil potentials. Therefore, comprehensive analysis indicates that from semi-humid to humid paleoclimate, high paleoproductivity, suitable deposition rate, as well as anoxic reduction, brackish-freshwater environment are conducive to the enrichment and preservation of organic matter. Finally, the favorable lithology section types as C shale intercalated shell-rich layer section were comprehensively optimized, followed by D pure shale section.
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图 1 研究区位置图(a)及大安寨段陆相页油气层系综合柱状图(b)
Fig. 1. The location map of the study area (a) and stratigraphic column for the continental shale oil and gas strata in the Da'anzhai Member (b)
图 2 大安寨段大二亚段岩性类型及介壳层特征
Fig. 2. Lithological types and shell-rich layer characteristics of the Da2 sub-member
图 3 大安寨段页岩层系4类岩性段模式及特征
a.A块状介壳灰岩型; b.B页岩与介壳层互层型; c.C页岩夹介壳层型; d.D纯页岩型
Fig. 3. Modes and characteristics of four types of lithologic sections in the Da'anzhai shale series
图 4 大安寨段岩石镜下照片和岩心照片
a.单偏光，25x，蓬莱10，介壳灰岩，2 033.30 m，大量介壳破碎堆积；b.单偏光，25x，蓬莱10，含介壳页岩，2 019.10 m，含细小介壳的页岩与介壳层互层；c.单偏光，25x，蓬莱10，含介壳页岩，2 029.80 m，完整生物介壳零星分布，无压实现象；d.单偏光，25x，蓬莱10，纯页岩，1 995.30 m，几乎不含生物介壳；e.蓬莱10，含介壳页岩，2 014.95~2 016.75 m，介壳破碎堆积，灰黑色页岩与介壳层呈突变接触，底部可见冲刷面；f.蓬莱10，灰色块状介壳灰岩，2 014.95~2 016.75 m，生物介壳破碎细小并呈定向排列；g.文10，含介壳页岩，页岩夹介壳层，2 016.30 m，可见油浸现象
Fig. 4. Microscopic photos of different lithologies in the Da'anzhai Member
图 5 PL10井各岩性组合类型纵向分布特征及介壳发育特征柱状图
Fig. 5. Column of vertical distribution characteristics of each lithological combination type and shell development characteristics in Well PL10
图 6 大安寨段页岩4类岩性组合发育组合模式
Fig. 6. The development pattern of the four types of lithological combinations in the Da'anzhai Member
图 7 大安寨3个亚段各相带岩性组合类型分布特征模式
Fig. 7. Distribution characteristic pattern of lithological combination types in each sub-member and facies
图 8 各类岩性段气候指数C频率分布直方图
a. A介壳灰岩段气候指数C分布特征；b. B页岩与介壳层互层段气候指数C分特征；c. C页岩夹介壳层段气候指数C分布特征；d. D纯页岩段气候指数C分布特征
Fig. 8. Frequency distribution histograms of climate index C of various lithology sections
图 9 大安寨段页岩氧化还原环境特征
Fig. 9. Redox environmental characteristics of shale in the Da'anzhai Member
图 10 各类岩性段古盐度特征
Fig. 10. Paleo-salinity characteristics of various lithological sections
图 11 川中地区PL10井大安寨段大二亚段沉积环境纵向变化特征
Fig. 11. Variations of sedimentary environment characteristics in the second submember of Da'anzhai Member in Central Sichuan
图 12 川中地区大二亚段有机质富集模式
Fig. 12. Organic matter enrichment model of the second submember of Da'anzhai Member in Central Sichuan
图 13 (La/Yb)N与TOC的关系(a)和生物钡与TOC的关系(b)
Fig. 13. The relationship between (La/Yb)N and TOC (a) and the relationship between biological barium and TOC (b)
表 1 大安寨段部分样品有机碳含量及主微量元素含量
Table 1. Contents of TOC and major and trace element of part of samples in the Da'anzhai Member
样品号 深度(m) TOC (%) 主量元素(%) 微量元素(10-6) Fe Mn Ca Mg K Na Al Sr Ba Ni V Cr Ce La Yb PL10-3 2 035.7 0.40 3.56 0.03 32.09 0.62 0.71 0.24 3.20 917.60 257.20 44.58 38.94 38.06 55.88 22.90 2.87 PL10-6 2 031.6 0.99 3.52 0.05 13.35 1.10 2.02 0.31 8.30 230.00 525.60 32.74 122.14 91.16 53.00 25.28 2.01 PL10-7 2 029.8 0.60 5.96 0.13 5.01 1.32 2.17 0.33 9.29 243.80 489.80 41.14 108.98 109.36 72.02 33.08 2.73 PL10-12 2 022.7 0.73 4.06 0.04 2.20 1.24 2.45 0.35 10.30 404.20 534.80 36.38 112.62 84.42 49.02 25.66 2.22 PL10-14 2 021.1 0.69 1.95 0.09 47.46 0.39 0.18 0.07 1.07 1 004.00 230.60 8.88 12.69 9.57 9.99 4.90 0.42 PL10-17 2 019.1 1.41 4.73 0.03 2.63 1.22 2.60 0.38 10.32 196.70 647.80 49.20 115.88 109.42 61.74 30.74 2.68 PL10-22 2 014.3 2.90 5.18 0.03 1.64 1.27 2.66 0.40 10.61 166.72 659.60 49.82 173.30 105.38 48.04 24.28 2.14 PL10-32 1 998.6 1.61 4.28 0.02 0.95 1.69 3.26 0.53 11.23 212.00 751.60 45.80 218.60 124.10 53.50 26.22 2.22 X29-1 1 983.6 0.25 0.69 0.02 51.56 0.56 0.22 0.04 0.92 439.60 101.46 8.09 11.54 14.89 6.06 2.99 0.21 X29-2 1 986.0 0.57 1.21 0.03 44.64 0.32 0.50 0.07 2.10 896.80 214.20 12.18 21.36 22.04 14.04 6.85 0.48 X29-6 1 996.2 0.41 4.17 0.02 1.39 1.47 3.33 0.34 12.15 140.86 597.80 53.52 192.86 143.54 82.72 39.22 2.68 X29-12 2 005.5 0.70 6.22 0.03 6.91 1.34 1.63 0.17 7.52 392.00 370.00 36.20 95.84 72.64 49.64 21.60 2.11 X29-13 2 006.8 0.68 4.91 0.03 1.90 1.57 3.10 0.28 11.77 224.40 625.40 49.42 130.50 129.88 68.66 32.80 2.28 LQ-3 2 118.7 1.18 1.80 0.07 40.95 0.64 0.41 0.11 1.79 2 126.00 387.40 9.44 24.72 14.58 14.77 7.17 0.68 LQ-5 2 113.8 1.11 4.48 0.06 0.71 1.32 2.17 0.91 8.69 151.08 642.80 45.04 119.52 104.24 62.20 29.94 3.06 LQ-7 2 110.4 0.48 0.96 0.08 45.90 0.53 0.30 0.16 1.42 1 178.20 191.00 9.78 17.92 14.14 13.04 6.01 0.45 LQ-12 2 088.5 2.50 3.30 0.05 13.27 0.79 1.72 0.37 6.83 510.00 541.20 44.84 105.20 68.20 126.30 51.26 4.25 L21-1 1 965.7 0.75 6.03 0.09 1.23 1.79 3.02 0.36 11.23 165.90 602.80 46.94 152.32 127.16 86.42 40.30 2.80 L21-6 1 958.7 0.36 4.21 0.03 4.61 1.42 2.88 0.33 10.83 241.60 590.80 47.76 151.66 116.66 82.08 39.34 2.42 L21-8 1 955.4 0.89 3.63 0.05 10.40 1.21 2.66 0.30 10.22 269.00 724.00 47.78 133.06 113.28 77.66 35.76 2.59 L21-9 1 952.7 0.53 4.56 0.04 0.94 1.21 2.91 0.34 11.18 118.28 647.80 58.00 198.24 138.84 111.86 51.84 3.74 L21-11 1 948.6 0.66 1.44 0.05 41.32 0.31 0.46 0.10 2.03 898.20 285.20 12.92 24.54 20.80 31.50 14.12 0.87 
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表 2 各类岩性段有机质丰度及古沉积环境参数统计表
Table 2. Statistics of organic matter abundance and paleo-sedimentary environment parameters of various lithological sections
岩性段类型 有机质丰度 古气候 氧化还原环境 古生产力 沉积速率 古盐度 TOC 气候指数C V/(V+Ni) Babio (La/Yb)N Sr/Ba 数值(%) 数量(个) 数值 数量(个) 数值 数量(个) 均值(10-6) 数量(个) 均值 数量(个) 均值 数量(个) A段 $ \frac{{0.03 \sim 1.18}}{{0.35}}$ 25 $ \frac{{0.014 \sim 0.044}}{{0.031}}$ 8 $ \frac{{0.376 \sim 0.724}}{{0.612}}$ 8 204.48 8 1.34 8 4.90 8 B段 $\frac{{0.27 \sim 2.25}}{{0.72}} $ 21 $ \frac{{0.027 \sim 0.848}}{{0.489}}$ 16 $\frac{{0.466 \sim 0.814}}{{0.718}} $ 16 530.10 15 1.22 16 1.00 16 C段 $\frac{{0.42 \sim 3.11}}{{1.34}} $ 33 $\frac{{0.136 \sim 0.950}}{{0.609}} $ 20 $ \frac{{0.557 \sim 0.811}}{{0.728}}$ 20 625.40 20 1.23 20 0.40 20 D段 $ \frac{{0.32 \sim 2.40}}{{1.17}}$ 18 $ \frac{{0.265 \sim 1.008}}{{0.640}}$ 9 $ \frac{{0.584 \sim 0.827}}{{0.748}}$ 9 596.84 9 1.18 9 0.37 9 准噶尔盆地芦草沟组页岩 $\frac{{2.23 \sim 9.42}}{{4.47}} $ — $\frac{{0.480 \sim 0.610}}{{0.540}} $ — $ \frac{{0.600 \sim 0.800}}{{0.740}}$ — — — — — 1.29 — 沧东凹陷孔二段页岩 $ \frac{{0.13 \sim 12.92}}{{4.87}}$ — — — $ \frac{{0.480 \sim 0.910}}{{0.720}}$ — — — — — — — 济阳坳陷沙三段页岩 $ \frac{{0.49 \sim 1.74}}{{1.12}}$ — — — $ \frac{{0.790 \sim 0.960}}{{0.880}}$ — 284 — — — — — 注：$ \frac{最小值~最大值}{平均值}$；符号“—”代表无数据信息；准噶尔盆地芦草沟组页岩据林晓慧等(2019)，蒋中发等(2020)；沧东凹陷孔二段页岩据周立宏等(2018)，李圯等(2020)；济阳坳陷沙三段页岩据 Wang et al. (2020) .
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表 3 大安寨段页岩有利岩性段评价标准
Table 3. Evaluation criteria for favorable lithology combinations of shale in Da'anzhai Member
评价参数 评价标准 TOC > 1.0 古气候 半潮湿-潮湿 古盐度 半咸水-淡水 古生产力(Babio) > 500×10-6 水体环境 缺氧还原环境 沉积速率 相对适中
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表 4 各类岩性段特征综合统计
Table 4. Comprehensive statistics for characteristics of various lithological sections
岩性段类型 TOC(均值) 古气候 古盐度 沉积速率 古生产力 古氧化还原环境 A介壳灰岩段 贫有机质(0.35) 干燥 咸水 相对较慢 低 缺氧还原 B页岩与介壳层互层段 贫有机质(0.72) 半干燥-半潮湿 半咸水 相对适中 较低 缺氧还原 C页岩夹介壳层段 含有机质(1.34) 半潮湿 半咸水-淡水 相对适中 较高 缺氧还原 D纯页岩段 含有机质(1.17) 潮湿 淡水 相对适中 较高 缺氧还原
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