Geochemical Characteristics and Hydrocarbon Generation History of Paleocene Source Rocks in Jiaojiang Sag, East China Sea Basin
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摘要: 为揭示东海盆地椒江凹陷油气勘探潜力，基于地球化学和盆地数值模拟方法对古新统月桂峰组、灵峰组和明月峰组烃源岩开展生烃能力和生烃过程研究.结果表明，月桂峰组和灵峰组泥岩有机质丰度高，以Ⅱ型干酪根为主，为水生生物和陆源高等植物混合来源，且形成于偏还原环境.夹有薄层炭质泥岩和煤的明月峰组泥岩有机质丰度低，以Ⅲ型干酪根为主，为陆源高等植物来源且形成于氧化环境.古新世至始新世，椒江凹陷大幅度沉降且古热流较高，是古新统烃源岩热演化程度增加的主要时期.受埋藏史和成熟度史共同控制，月桂峰组和灵峰组经历了2次生烃作用，第1次发生在古新世晚期，第2次发生在始新世中期至晚期，生烃强度高.明月峰组仅在始新世末期经历了1次生烃作用，生烃强度低.椒江凹陷古新统烃源岩生烃潜力强，具有广阔的油气勘探前景，应围绕生烃中心尤其是月桂峰组生烃中心选择形成于中新世之前的有效圈闭进行钻探.Abstract: In order to understand oil and gas exploration potential of Jiaojiang sag in the East China Sea basin, hydrocarbon generation capacity and process of the Paleocene Yueguifeng (E1y), Lingfeng (E1l) and Mingyuefeng (E1m) Formations were investigated using geochemical analysis and basin modeling. Results show that E1y and E1l mudstones are high-quality source rocks with high organic matter abundance and type Ⅱ kerogen, which is dominated by both aquatic organisms and terrestrial higher plants deposited in sub-reduced environment. E1m mudstone interbedded with thin carbonaceous mudstone and coal is poor-quality source rock with low organic matter abundance and type Ⅲ kerogen, whose organic matter was derived from terrestrial higher plants under oxidized environment. Great subsidence and high paleo-heat flow from the Paleocene to the Eocene made it main period for increasing thermal maturity of source rocks. Controlled by burial and maturity histories, the E1y and E1l formations experienced two hydrocarbon generation stages, which took place in the Late Palaeocene and in the Middle to Late Eocene, respectively, and is characterized by high hydrocarbon generation potential. The E1m Formation only had one hydrocarbon generation process at the end of Eocene, which is characterized by low hydrocarbon generation potential. The Paleocene source rocks in the Jiaojiang sag have strong hydrocarbon generation capacity, so the future oil and gas exploration should focus on hydrocarbon generation center, especially that of the E1y Formation, and select effective traps formed before the Miocene.
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Key words:
- source rock /
- biomarker /
- hydrocarbon generation history /
- Jiaojiang sag /
- East China Sea basin /
- hydrocarbon
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图 3 椒江凹陷古新统烃源岩有机质丰度(a, b)和类型(c)判别图
a.湖相烃源岩评价图版；b.煤系烃源岩评价图版
Fig. 3. Organic matter abundance (a, b) and type (c) of the Paleocene source rocks in the Jiaojiang sag
图 4 椒江凹陷古新统烃源岩饱和烃总离子流图和色质谱图
Fig. 4. The total ion chromatograms(TICs)and mass chromatograms of saturated hydrocarbon fractions for the Paleocene source rocks in the Jiaojiang sag
图 5 椒江凹陷古新统烃源岩生物标志化合物参数交会图
Fig. 5. Cross plots of various biomarker parameters for the Paleocene source rocks in the Jiaojiang sag
图 6 JJ7-1井一维模型埋藏史和成熟度史（a）及热成熟度模型标定（b）
图b中，1.JJ6-1井实测地温数据; 2.JJ6-1井实测Ro数据; 3.仝志刚等（2012）发表的地层温度数据; 4.仝志刚等(2012)发表的Ro数据
Fig. 6. Burial and thermal evolution history (a), and calibration of thermal and maturity model (b) for 1-D model constructed in well JJ7-1
图 7 JJ7-1井古新统烃源岩生烃史图
①第1次生烃作用；②第2次生烃作用
Fig. 7. Relationship between the oil-gas generation and geological time of the Paleocene source rocks in well JJ7-1
表 1 椒江凹陷古新统烃源岩生物标志化合物参数
Table 1. Biomarker parameters of the Paleocene source rocks in the Jiaojiang sag
井名 深度（m） 层位 正构烷烃 类异戊二烯烷烃 甾烷 萜烷 CPI OEP C21-/C22+ Pr/Ph Pr/nC17 Ph/nC18 C27（%） C28（%） C29（%） C2920S/(20R+20S) C29ββ/(αα+ββ) C19/C23 C20/C23 C24/C23 Ts/Tm C29/C30 Gam/C30 JJ4-1 2 412~2 433 E1y 1.48 1.30 0.62 2.01 1.97 1.16 19 24 57 0.13 0.17 0.42 0.97 1.03 0.53 0.52 0.12 JJ4-1 2 505~2 508 E1y 1.39 1.18 0.56 2.32 1.67 0.69 22 23 55 0.17 0.18 0.52 0.98 1.29 0.45 0.53 0.12 JJ4-1 2 550~2 565 E1y 1.45 1.19 0.68 1.39 2.01 1.29 24 25 51 0.12 0.19 0.48 1.03 0.98 0.48 0.45 0.11 JJ4-1 2 286~2 289 E1l 1.90 1.80 0.59 1.51 3.12 2.40 27 24 50 0.06 0.18 0.27 0.83 0.84 0.66 0.35 0.09 JJ4-1 2 319~2 328 E1l 1.77 1.84 0.49 1.86 3.10 1.79 26 22 51 0.11 0.18 0.44 1.01 1.00 0.62 0.36 0.07 JJ4-1 2 361~2 364 E1l 1.65 1.60 0.51 1.65 2.54 1.55 22 22 56 0.13 0.18 0.43 1.10 0.86 0.57 0.44 0.09 JJ6-1 2 760~2 780 E1m 1.78 1.61 0.33 9.53 7.89 0.87 10 15 75 0.11 0.27 7.39 4.06 3.85 0.05 0.63 0.04 JJ6-1 2 860~2 875 E1m 1.76 1.64 0.36 4.71 4.37 0.98 7 16 77 0.15 0.29 7.35 6.42 4.84 0.07 0.66 0.04 JJ6-1 3 085~3 100 E1m 1.47 1.35 0.33 5.92 7.52 1.31 5 14 81 0.26 0.29 27.63 6.38 / 0.07 0.70 0.02 JJ6-1 3 154 E1m 1.57 1.43 0.36 5.23 7.93 1.37 14 9 77 0.31 0.30 6.10 2.89 1.96 0.06 0.59 0.02 JJ6-1 3 184~3 199 E1m 1.64 1.49 0.26 8.65 8.47 0.94 7 16 77 0.20 0.29 10.57 4.63 7.31 0.07 0.68 0.02 
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表 2 JJ7-1井生烃史模拟的地质参数
Table 2. The geological parameters used for modeling of hydrocarbon generation history in well JJ7-1
地层 顶深(m) 底深(m) 厚度(m) 沉积年代 剥蚀年代 剥蚀厚度(m) 岩性 烃源岩属性 开始(Ma) 终止(Ma) 开始(Ma) 终止(Ma) 砂岩含量(%) 粉砂岩含量(%) 泥岩含量(%) TOC(%) HI(mg/g) 干酪根类型 Qd 83 488 405 2.6 0 18.9 23.5 57.6 - - - N2 488 857 369 5.3 2.6 38.4 17.9 43.7 - - - N1 857 1 302 445 23.3 5.3 56.8 14.4 28.8 0.4 46 Type Ⅲ E2p - - - 41.2 36.0 36.0 23.3 600 57.2 16.6 26.2 0.2 23 Type Ⅲ E2w 1 302 1 863 561 47.8 41.2 35.9 45.4 18.7 0.3 35 Type Ⅲ E2o 1 863 2 498 635 54.5 47.8 34.2 20.7 45.1 0.4 42 Type Ⅲ E1m 2 498 3 994 1 496 58.5 55.0 55.0 54.5 800 17.6 35.6 46.8 0.9 77 Type Ⅲ E1l 3 994 5 322 1 328 61.0 58.5 3.8 11.5 84.7 2.5 324 Type Ⅱ E1y 5 322 6 342 1 020 66.5 61.0 23.0 9.2 67.8 2.3 312 Type Ⅱ
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