Influence Mechanism of Micro-Heterogeneity on Conglomerate Reservoir Densification: A Case Study of Upper Permian Wutonggou Formation in DN8 Area of Dongdaohaizi Sag, Junggar Basin
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摘要:
为研究砂砾岩储层微观非均质性特征，了解微观非均质性与储层致密化的关系，建立储层致密化评价标准，定量评价储层致密化程度.通过铸体薄片、扫描电镜、矿物XRD分析、高压压汞等资料，结合前人研究成果，对盆内东道海子凹陷DN8井区上二叠统梧桐沟组储层进行研究.结果表明，储层微观非均质性包括岩石学非均质性、孔喉非均质性及裂缝非均质性.岩石学非均质性中，岩石结构成熟度差异导致的岩石结构非均质性制约储层的初始物性；砾石、同沉积填隙物中塑性岩屑、胶结物类型及其含量的差异影响储层压实及胶结后的致密程度.溶蚀作用后，成岩-孔隙演化过程差异导致的孔喉非均质性及裂缝发育密度决定的裂缝非均质性影响了储层现今的致密程度.提出以成岩综合指数与地层脆性指数综合表征储层致密化程度，并将致密化程度分为3级.Ⅰ级致密化程度成岩综合指数大于4.0、地层脆性指数大于0.8；Ⅱ级致密化程度成岩综合指数介于3.0~4.0、地层脆性指数介于0.3~0.8；Ⅲ级致密化程度成岩综合指数小于3.0、地层脆性指数小于0.3.Ⅰ级致密储层孔喉结构最好、物性最高、微观非均质性最弱，为研究区有利储层.
Abstract:The quantitative evaluation criterion for the conglomerate reservoir was established on the basis of studying the micro heterogeneity characteristics of reservoir, in order to understand micro heterogeneity and quantitatively evaluate the degree of densification for the conglomerate reservoir of the Upper Permain Wutonggou Formation int DN8 area of the Dongdaohaizi sag, eastern Junggar basin, based on identification of blue epoxy resin-impregnated thin sections, analysis of scanning electron microscope (SEM), X-ray diffraction (XRD) of minerals, high-pressure capillary pressure, combined with previous research results. The results show that the micro heterogeneity of reservoir mainly includes petrological heterogeneity, pore throat heterogeneity and fracture heterogeneity. In petrological heterogeneity, the rock structural heterogeneity caused by the difference of rock structural maturity restricts the initial physical property of reservoir. The degree of reservoir densification is affected by types and contents of gravels, cuttings in synsedimentary interstitial matterial and cements after compaction and cementation. The degree of current reservoir densification is affected by the pore throat heterogeneity and fracture heterogeneity, which caused by the difference of diagenesis-pore evolution process after dissolution and the fracture development density. The diagenetic comprehensive parameter (DCP) and formation brittleness index (FBI) are thus put forward to characterize densification degree of the reservoir, which can be divided into three grades. The DCP is greater than 4.0 and the FBI is greater than 0.8 in the first grade of densification. The DCP is between 3.0-4.0 and the FBI is between 0.3-0.8 in the second grade of densification, and the DCP is less than 3.0 and the FBI is less than 0.3 in the third grade of densification. The tight reservoir of the first grade is with the best pore throat structure and the highest quality, thus of the weakest micro heterogeneity, which is the favorable conglomerate reservoir in the study area.
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图 2 DN8井区梧桐沟组砂砾岩类型三角图（图版据桑隆康等，2012）
1.砾岩；2.泥质砾岩；3.砂泥质砾岩；4.泥砂质砾岩；5.砂质砾岩；6.砾质泥岩；7.含砂砾质泥岩；8.含泥砾质砂岩；9.砾质砂岩；10.含砾泥岩；11.含砾砂质泥岩；12.含砾泥质砂岩；13.含砾砂岩
Fig. 2. Diagram showing sandy conglomerate types and components from the Wutonggou Formation in DN8 area
图 3 DN8井区梧桐沟组储层岩石学非均质性特征
Fig. 3. Characteristics of petrological heterogeneity of the Wutonggou Formation reservoir in DN8 area
图 4 DN8井区梧桐沟组储层胶结物镜下特征
a.DN11井，4 727.00 m，蜂窝状伊/蒙混层矿物胶结孔隙，扫描电镜；b. DN081井，4 028.20 m，针叶状绿泥石膜附着于孔隙表面，扫描电镜；c.DN12井，3 447.57 m，丝状伊利石胶结孔隙，扫描电镜；d. DN1井，2 666.50 m，粒间充填书页状高岭石，扫描电镜；e. DN2，2 612.65 m，方解石胶结孔隙，正交偏光；f. DN081井，4 028.20 m，粒间充填的嵌晶状方解石胶结物，扫描电镜；g. DN13，4 107.65 m，无色浊沸石胶结孔隙，单偏光；h. DN13井，4 105.23 m，板柱状浊沸石胶结孔隙；i. DN13，4 107.65 m，石英二级加大边，单偏光
Fig. 4. Microscopic characteristics of the cements in the Wutonggou Formation reservoir
图 5 DN8井区梧桐沟组储层微观孔喉非均质性特征
c.DN13井，4 103.50 m，砂质砾岩，以粒间溶孔为主，面孔率为8.23%，平均孔隙直径226.12 μm，喉道宽度介于0.91~49.50 μm，平均为27.70 μm，平均孔喉比为3.82，平均配位数为1.41; d.DN081井，4 020.07 m，砂质砾岩，以粒间溶孔为主，面孔率为2.76%，平均孔隙直径121.76 μm，喉道宽度介于0.91~47.52 μm，平均为15.56 μm，平均孔喉比为4.92，平均配位数为0.56; e.DN8井，3 957.76 m，砂质砾岩，以粒间溶孔为主，面孔率为0.85%，平均孔隙直径70.20 μm，喉道宽度介于1.58~45.98 μm，平均为11.81 μm，平均孔喉比为5.33，平均配位数为0.13; f.Ⅰ型曲线，门槛压力为0.16 MPa, 最大进汞饱和度为86.56%，压汞曲线形态低平宽缓; g.Ⅱ型曲线，门槛压力为0.32 MPa, 最大进汞饱和度为67.10%，压汞曲线形态较为窄小; h.Ⅲ型曲线，门槛压力为0.85 MPa, 最大进汞饱和度为51.48%，压汞曲线形态高陡窄小
Fig. 5. Characteristics of micro pore throat heterogeneity of the Wutonggou Formation reservoir in DN8 area
图 6 DN8井区梧桐沟组储层岩心及成像测井照片
a.DN1井，2 647.41 m，含砾砂岩，发育倾斜裂缝，裂缝密度为5.56条/m；b. DN2井，2 613.40 m，含砾砂岩，发育高角度裂缝及水平裂缝，裂缝密度为4.00~7.69 m/条；c. DN2井，2 611.95 m，含砾砂岩，发育高角度裂缝，裂缝密度为2.86 m/条；d. DN12井，3 503.00~3 504.00 m，砂岩，发育高角度裂缝，孔隙度为7.76%，渗透率为1.95×10-3 μm2；e. DN14井，4 000.00~4 008.00 m，砂质砾岩，发育高角度裂缝，孔隙度为5.70%，渗透率为2.00×10-3 μm2；f. DN8井，3 957.00~3 958.00 m，砂质砾岩，发育高角度裂缝，孔隙度为7.90%，渗透率为4.40×10-3 μm2；g. DN081井，4 021.00~4 023.00 m，砂质砾岩，发育高角度裂缝，孔隙度为10.43%，渗透率为24.78×10-3 μm2
Fig. 6. Photos from the core and imaging logging of the Wutonggou Formation reservoir in DN8 area
图 7 DN8井区梧桐沟组储层岩石学非均质性对孔隙度的影响
a.砾石、岩屑含量与初始孔隙度相关性; b.磨圆度与初始孔隙度相关性; c.分选性与初始孔隙度相关性; d.主要粒径与初始孔隙度相关性; e.岩屑含量与压实减少的孔隙度相关性; f.砾石含量与压实减少的孔隙度相关性
Fig. 7. Influence of reservoir petrological heterogeneity on porosity of the Wutonggou Formation reservoir in DN8 area
图 8 DN8井区梧桐沟组储层胶结作用对孔隙的影响
Fig. 8. Influence of reservoir cementation on porosity of the Wutonggou Formation reservoir in DN8 area
图 9 DN8井区梧桐沟组储层物性非均质性特征
Fig. 9. Characteristics of quality heterogeneity of the Wutonggou Formation reservoir in DN8 area
图 10 DN8井区梧桐沟组储层致密化过程模式（埋藏热史图乔锦琪，2017）
Fig. 10. Model showing reservoir densification process of the Wutonggou Formation in DN8 area
图 11 DN8井区梧桐沟组储层成岩综合指数及地层脆性指数与物性相关性
a. 成岩综合指数与孔隙度相关性; b. 成岩综合指数与面孔率相关性; c. 成岩综合指数与渗透率相关性; d. 裂缝脆性指数与孔隙度相关性; e. 裂缝脆性指数与面孔率相关性; f. 裂缝脆性指数与渗透率相关性
Fig. 11. Correlogram between diagenetic parameters and fracture brittleness index and reservoir quality of the Wutong Formation in DN8 area
表 1 DN8井区梧桐沟组储层压汞曲线参数统计
Table 1. Statistics of capillary pressure parameters from the Wutonggou Formation reservoir in DN8 area
曲线形态 孔隙度(%) 渗透率(10-3 μm2) 分选系数 变异系数 中值压力(MPa) 中值半径(mm) 最大孔喉半径(mm) 排驱压力(MPa) 最大进汞饱和度(%) 退汞效率(%) 微观非均质性 样品数(个) Ⅰ型 9.96~12.74（10.79） 0.86~21.50（10.36） 0.95~1.82（1.24) 0.07~0.15（0.10） 2.53~16.56（6.36） 0.05~0.48（0.17） 0.69~2.48（1.08） 0.10~2.69（0.67） 55.02~95.46（74.63） 20.55~50.22（33.39） 弱 6 Ⅱ型 7.15~10.80（8.67） 0.25~5.44（1.09） 0.58~3.59（1.94） 0.04~0.35（0.17） 3.66~19.33（7.87） 0.01~0.31（0.13） 0.35~2.01（0.64） 0.25~3.44（1.86） 30.62~89.63（54.13） 8.81~48.87（27.43） 中 60 Ⅲ型 1.54~7.21（5.92） 0.01~1.32（0.19） 0.91~3.45（2.21） 0.04~0.42（0.27） 2.99~19.38（9.31） 0.01~0.11（0.06） 0.27~2.32（0.46） 0.50~5.11（2.74） 15.05~60.71（40.39） 9.54~39.78（19.97） 强 37 注：括号内为平均值. 
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表 2 DN8井区梧桐沟组储层致密化程度综合评价
Table 2. Comprehensive evaluation for the reservoir densification of Wutonggou Formation in DN8 area
致密化程度 地层脆性指数 渗透率(10-3 μm2) 成岩综合指数 孔隙度/% 面孔率/% 压汞曲线类型 微观非均质性 储层类型 Ⅰ级 > 0.8 > 10 > 4 > 10 > 8 Ⅰ类 弱 低孔、低渗 Ⅱ级 0.3~0.8 1~10 3~4 8~10 5~8 Ⅱ类 中 特低孔、特低渗 Ⅲ级 < 0.3 < 1 < 3 < 8 < 5 Ⅲ类 强 超低孔、超低渗及致密 注：不同类型压汞曲线所对应孔喉结构参数见表 1.
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