Petrogenesis and Tectonic Significance of Silurian Granites in Yemadaquan Area, Beishan, Gansu Province
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摘要: 马鬃山地体是北山造山带的主要构造单元之一，其广泛出露的花岗岩对于认识和完善北山古生代构造格架具有重要意义.对野马大泉一带的花岗岩进行LA-ICP-MS锆石U-Pb定年，获得了早-中志留世（441±4 Ma和425±2 Ma）的年龄.岩石地球化学显示它们均富钠、钙碱性和镁质花岗岩的特征，小于A型花岗岩的Ga/Al×104值和Zr+Nb+Ce+Y值，且含角闪石二长花岗岩出现标志性矿物角闪石，属于I型花岗岩.它们具有正的εHf（t）值（-0.1~+7.6），两阶段Hf模式年龄集中于1.42~0.94 Ga，反映花岗质岩浆可能起源于中元古代（~1.4 Ga）地壳的部分熔融，并伴有幔源岩浆的参与.马鬃山地体志留纪花岗岩的地球化学显示形成于大陆弧的构造环境，且结合区域古生代花岗岩的时空分布指示相关的俯冲带在早石炭世发生北向后撤.Abstract: The Mazongshan terrane is one of the main units of the Beishan orogenic collage. Among which there are abundant plutons, and they are of great significance for understanding and perfecting the Paleozoic tectonic framework of the Beishan orogenic collage. In this study, LA-ICP-MS zircon U-Pb dating yields the 206Pb/238U ages of 441±4 Ma and 425±2 Ma for the biotite monzogranite and hornblende monzogranite in Yemadaquan area respectively, which are the Early and Middle Silurian. The geochemical characteristics of the rocks show that they are sodium-rich, calc-alkalic, and magnesian. And their Ga/Al×104 and Zr+Nb+Ce+Y values are less than those of the A-type granite. Especially diagnostic mineral amphibole appears in hornblende monzogranite, meaning they belong to I-type granite. The εHf(t) values of their zircons are positive, and the crustal Hf model ages are concentrated at 0.94-1.42 Ga, suggesting that the Early-Middle Silurian granitic magmas may be derived from the partial melting of the Mesoproterozoic (~1.4 Ga) crust, with the participation of mantle-derived magmas. The analyses from geochemistry and regional data show that the granites were formed in the tectonic setting of continental arc, and the spatial and temporal distribution of Paleozoic granites suggests that slab roll-back might occur in the Early Carboniferous.
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Key words:
- Beishan orogenic collage /
- Mazongshan terrane /
- Silurian /
- I-type granite /
- continental arc /
- tectonics
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图 1 北山造山带地质简图
据Xiao et al.(2010)；He et al.(2018)；辛后田等(2020).Ⅰ.石板山地体；Ⅱ.双鹰山地体；Ⅲ.马鬃山地体；Ⅳ.旱山地体；Ⅴ.雀儿山地体；F1.柳园蛇绿岩带；F2.红柳河-洗肠井蛇绿岩带；F3.石板井-小黄山蛇绿岩带；F4.红石山蛇绿岩带
Fig. 1. Geological sketch map of the Beishan orogenic collage
图 2 研究区野马大泉地区地质简图
Fig. 2. Geological sketch map of the Silurian granite pluton in the Yemadaquan area
图 3 黑云母二长花岗岩(a, c)与含角闪石二长花岗岩(b, d)的野外与显微照片
显微照片为正交偏光；Pl.斜长石；Q.石英；Bi.黑云母；Mus.白云母；Kfs.钾长石；Am.角闪石
Fig. 3. Field photos and photomicrographs (crossed nicols) of the biotite monzogranite (a, c) and hornblende monzogranite (b, d)
图 4 黑云母二长花岗岩(a)和含角闪石二长花岗岩(b)的代表性锆石CL图像
Fig. 4. CL images of representative zircons from biotite monzogranite (a) and hornblende monzogranite (b)
图 5 黑云母二长花岗岩和含角闪石二长花岗岩的锆石U-Pb年龄谐和图和加权平均年龄
Fig. 5. Zircon U-Pb concordia diagrams and weighted average ages of biotite monzogranite and hornblende monzogranite
图 6 黑云母二长花岗岩和含角闪石二长花岗岩的分类图解
a.TAS图解；b.A/NK-A/CNK图解；c.SiO2-(Na2O+ K2O-CaO)图解；d.SiO2-FeOT/(FeOT+MgO)图解
Fig. 6. Classification diagrams of the biotite monzogranite and hornblende monzogranite
图 7 黑云母二长花岗岩和含角闪石二长花岗岩的球粒陨石标准化稀土元素图解(a)和原始地幔标准化蜘蛛图(b)
球粒陨石标准值引自Taylor and McLennan(1985)；原始地幔标准值引自Sun and McDonough(1989)
Fig. 7. Chondrite-normalized REE patterns (a) and primitive mantle-normalized trace element diagrams (b) of the biotite monzogranite and hornblende monzogranite
图 8 黑云二长花岗岩和含角闪石二长花岗岩的10 000Ga/Al-Nb图解(a)和Zr+Nb+Ce+Y-FeOT/MgO图解(b)
Fig. 8. 10 000Ga/Al-Nb diagram (a) and Zr+Nb+Ce+Y-FeOT/MgO diagram (b) of the biotite monzogranite and hornblende monzogranite
图 9 黑云二长花岗岩和含角闪石二长花岗岩的K2O-Na2O (a)和FeOT-CaO (b)岩石成因类型判别图解
Fig. 9. K2O-Na2O (a) and FeOT-CaO (b) diagrams for genetic types of the biotite monzogranite and hornblende monzogranite
图 10 锆石εHf(t)-年龄演化图解
北山南部中元古代侵入岩和北山地壳基底演化区域引自He et al. (2018)
Fig. 10. Zircon εHf(t)-age evolution diagram
图 11 构造环境判别图解
马鬃山地体已发表的志留纪花岗岩数据引自Song et al. (2015)、余吉远等(2017)、Yuan et al. (2018)和Zheng et al. (2018)
Fig. 11. Tectonic discrimination diagram
图 12 马鬃山地体与旱山地体古生代花岗岩年龄分布对比图
数据引自表 1
Fig. 12. The comparison of age distribution for the Paleozoic granites of the Mazongshan and Hanshan terranes
图 13 北山造山带北缘古生代构造演化模式简图
Fig. 13. Schematic model illustrating the Paleozoic tectonic evolution of the northern Beishan orogenic collage
表 1 北山造山带中北部花岗岩类锆石U-Pb年龄统计
Table 1. Zircon U-Pb ages of the granitoids in northern and central Beishan orogenic collage
序号 岩性 年龄(Ma) 位置 引用文献 马鬃山地体 1 黑云母二长花岗岩 372±3 牛圈子 计波等(2017) 2 石英闪长岩 435.8±5 白圪塔北山 李小菲(2013) 3 二长花岗岩 435±2.8 白圪塔北山 李小菲(2013) 4 花岗闪长岩 430.5±2.9 白圪塔北山 李小菲(2013) 5 石英闪长岩 363.7±3.7 马鬃山 李小菲(2013) 6 花岗闪长岩 365.6±6.6 马鬃山 李小菲(2013) 7 花岗片麻岩 471.1±7.7 马鬃山 Song et al.(2013a) 8 糜棱岩化花岗岩 447.6±4.4 马鬃山 Song et al.(2013a) 9 眼球状花岗片麻岩 498.7±6.1 马鬃山 Song et al.(2013a) 10 糜棱岩化花岗岩 473.7±9.5 马鬃山 Song et al.(2013a) 11 花岗片麻岩 525.7±6.1 草呼勒哈德 Song et al.(2013b) 12 糜棱岩化花岗岩 409.5±5.2 草呼勒哈德 Song et al.(2013b) 13 花岗岩 348.5±4.6 石板井南 Song et al.(2013b) 14 正片麻岩 397±3 双井子 Song et al.(2015) 15 辉石闪长岩 442±2 勒巴泉 Song et al.(2015) 16 斑状花岗岩 433±2 勒巴泉 Song et al.(2015) 17 糜棱岩化花岗岩 398±3 勒巴泉 Song et al.(2015) 18 花岗片麻岩 464±2 勒巴泉 Song et al.(2015) 19 糜棱岩化花岗岩 401±4 勒巴泉 Song et al.(2015) 20 片麻状闪长岩 420±3 草呼勒哈德 Song et al.(2015) 21 花岗闪长岩 363.4±2.9 尖山 王鑫玉等(2018) 22 花岗岩 362.6±3 石板井南 王鑫玉等(2018) 23 白云母花岗岩 409.4±2.7 白头山 Wang et al.(2018) 24 白云母花岗岩 395±4.2 白头山 Wang et al.(2018) 25 二云母花岗岩 408.5±3.1 哈尔根 Wang et al.(2018) 26 石英闪长岩 464±2 石板井南 修迪等(2018) 27 糜棱岩化花岗岩 446±3 红柳峡南 Yuan et al.(2018) 28 糜棱岩化花岗岩 444±3 红柳峡南 Yuan et al.(2018) 29 糜棱岩化花岗岩 443±2 红柳峡南 Yuan et al.(2018) 30 糜棱岩化花岗岩 434±3 红柳峡南 Yuan et al.(2018) 31 糜棱岩化花岗岩 430±2 红柳峡南 Yuan et al.(2018) 32 二长花岗岩 402.2±3 公婆泉 郑荣国等(2012) 33 石英闪长岩 435±1 白头山 Zheng et al.(2018) 34 石英二长岩 421±2 白头山 Zheng et al.(2018) 35 花岗岩 401±2 白头山 Zheng et al.(2018) 36 淡色花岗岩 402±1 公婆泉 Zheng et al.(2018) 37 花岗闪长岩 434±6 巴勒根台 Zheng et al.(2018) 旱山地体 1 花岗片麻岩 423±4 梧桐井 刘雪敏等(2010) 2 花岗片麻岩 300±6 红石山南 Song et al.(2013a) 3 花岗岩 450.4±3.5 石板井北 Song et al.(2013b) 4 糜棱岩化正片麻岩 456.8±5.3 石板井北 Song et al.(2013b) 5 混合岩化片麻岩 452±11 石板井北 Song et al.(2013b) 6 糜棱岩化花岗岩 445±2 石板井北 Yuan et al.(2018) 7 糜棱岩化花岗岩 464±1 石板井北 Yuan et al.(2018) 8 糜棱岩化花岗岩 455±2 石板井北 Yuan et al.(2018) 9 糜棱岩化花岗岩 433±2 石板井北 Yuan et al.(2018) 10 闪长岩 450±2 石板井北 Yuan et al.(2018) 11 糜棱岩化花岗岩 439±17 石板井北 Yuan et al.(2018) 12 石英二长岩 428±2 石板井北 Yuan et al.(2018) 13 花岗闪长岩 330±2 双井子 Yuan et al.(2018) 14 闪长玢岩 325±1 双井子 Yuan et al.(2018) 15 石英闪长岩 281±1 双井子 Yuan et al.(2018) 16 石英闪长岩 287±1 双井子 Yuan et al.(2018) 17 埃达克质花岗岩 356±2 东七一山 Zhang et al.(2012) 18 花岗闪长岩 284.9±1.5 双井子 郑荣国等(2016) 19 花岗岩 327.6±1.6 双井子 郑荣国等(2016) 20 石英闪长岩 328±2 明水 Zhang et al.(2017) 21 花岗岩 359±4 东七一山 杨岳清等(2013) 
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