U-Pb Dating of Calcite Veins Developed in the Middle-Lower Ordovician Reservoirs in Tahe Oilfield and Its Petroleum Geologic Significance in Tahe Oilfield
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摘要: 塔河油田中下奥陶统碳酸盐岩储层在构造活动的作用下发育多期方解石脉体，为研究储层流体演化和油气成藏过程提供了重要素材.通过岩心观察、薄片鉴定、阴极发光和微区元素分析在塔河油田中下奥陶统碳酸盐岩储层中识别出3期裂缝方解石脉体，3期脉体在阴极发光颜色、稀土元素、碳氧锶同位素以及形成时间方面都存在差异.采用激光原位方解石U-Pb定年技术确定3期方解石脉形成的绝对年龄分别为466±11 Ma~458.6±8.8 Ma、329.7±1.6 Ma~308.1±4.1 Ma和249.3±2.6 Ma~220.5±7.3 Ma.第2期和第3期方解石成脉流体主要来源于深部地层成岩流体，并伴有成烃流体的影响.第3期方解石脉的成脉流体可能还有壳源锶的输入，导致其87Sr/86Sr比值高于第2期方解石脉.方解石脉体的绝对年龄可以用于约束多旋回叠合盆地断裂活动和油气成藏时间.在塔河油田中下奥陶统碳酸盐岩储层中识别的3期方解石脉体形成时间分别对应于加里东中期Ⅰ幕、海西中期Ⅰ~Ⅱ幕和海西晚—印支期构造运动造成的断裂活动时间.方解石脉体与烃类流体包裹体的共生关系指示中下奥陶统储层在海西中期Ⅱ幕发生过一期原油充注，在印支期之后又存在两期原油充注.Abstract: Multiphase calcite veins are developed due to tectonic activities in the carbonate reservoirs of Middle-Lower Ordovician in the Tahe oilfield, which is important for studying the evolution of reservoir fluids and the process of hydrocarbon accumulation. Three phases fracture-filled calcite veins were identified in the carbonate reservoirs of Middle-Lower Ordovician in the Tahe oilfield by core observation, thin section, cathodoluminescence and in-situ element. The three-phase calcite veins have differences in cathodoluminescence color, rare earth elements, strontium, carbon, oxide isotopes and timing of calcite veins generation. The in-situ U-Pb dating by laser ablation yields the absolute ages of the three-phase calcite vein generation of 466±11 Ma to 458.6±8.8 Ma, 329.7±1.6 Ma to 308.1±4.1 Ma and 249.3±2.6 Ma to 220.5±7.3 Ma, respectively. The fluids for second and third phases of calcite vein generation are mainly derived from deep-seated diagenetic fluids with the influence of hydrocarbon-fluids. The fluid of the third phase of calcite vein generation may also be affected by crust-derived strontium, resulting in a higher 87Sr/86Sr ratio than that of the second phase of calcite veins. The absolute ages of calcite veins generation can be used to constrain the fault activity and hydrocarbon charge histories in multi-cycle superimposed basins. The timing of the three phases of calcite veins generation corresponds to the periods of fault activity caused by the Middle Caledonian episode I, the Middle Hercynian episode Ⅰ-Ⅱ, and the Late Hercynian-Indosinian period. The symbiotic relationship between calcite veins and hydrocarbon fluid inclusions indicates that the Middle-Lower Ordovician reservoirs experienced one episode of oil charge episode of the Middle Hercynian episode and two episodes of oil charge after the Indosinian period.
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图 1 塔河油田构造位置（a）和下古生界综合地层柱状图（b）
Fig. 1. Tectonic location (a) and comprehensive stratigraphic histogram of the Lower Paleozoic (b) in Tahe oilfield
图 2 塔河油田典型裂缝-孔洞型储层成像测井（a）和方解石脉体照片（b）
Fig. 2. FMI logging response (a) and photos (b) of calcite vein developed in the typical fracture-cavity reservoirs in Tahe oilfield
图 3 塔河油田中下奥陶统储层裂缝方解石脉阴极发光特征
a、b. TS302X井，鹰山组，6 583.1 m，低角度裂缝方解石细脉，透射光和阴极发光照片；c、d. S118井，一间房组，5 912.3 m，高角度裂缝中-粗方解石脉，透射光和阴极发光照片；e、f. TS3井，6 106.5 m，鹰山组，洞穴充填巨晶方解石，透射光和阴极发光照片
Fig. 3. Cathodoluminescence characteristics of calcite veins in Middle-Lower Ordovician reservoirs in Tahe oilfield
图 4 塔河油田中下奥陶统储层方解石脉与围岩稀土元素配分模式
Fig. 4. Rare-earth element distribution model of calcite veins and surrounding rocks in Middle-Lower Ordovician reservoirs in Tahe oilfield
图 5 塔河油田中下奥陶统储层方解石脉典型油包裹体照片与荧光光谱
a. S118井，O2yj，S1样品，C2方解石脉愈合裂纹中发育次生油包裹体，透射光下油包裹体呈无色透明和褐色；b. 图a中油包裹体紫外光下发黄绿色和蓝白色荧光；c. TS3-3井，O1-2y，T3样品，C2方解石脉发育孤立状分布的原生油包裹体，透射光下呈浅黄色；d. 图c中油包裹体紫外光下发黄色荧光；e. AT5井，O2yj，A1样品，C3方解石脉愈合裂纹中发育蓝白色次生油包裹体；f. 方解石脉中油包裹体显微荧光光谱图
Fig. 5. Photographs and fluorescence spectra of typical oil inclusions in calcite veins in the Middle and Lower Ordovician reservoirs of Tahe oilfield
图 6 塔河地区围岩与方解石脉87Sr/86Sr值关系
Fig. 6. Relationship between 87Sr/86Sr values of surrounding rocks and calcite veins in Tahe area
图 7 塔河地区围岩与方解石脉碳氧同位素关系
Fig. 7. Carbon and oxygen isotope relationships between surrounding rocks and calcite veins in the Tahe area
图 8 塔河油田中下奥陶统方解石脉激光原位U-Pb同位素年龄
Fig. 8. The in-situ LA U-Pb isotopic dating chart for the calcite veins from the Middle-Lower Ordovician reservoirs in the Tahe oilfield
图 9 塔河油田中下奥陶统储层构造缝方解石脉U-Pb年龄、断裂活动和成藏期次
Fig. 9. Fault activity, and hydrocarbon accumulation period and U-Pb age of calcite veins in structural fractures of the Middle and Lower Ordovician reservoirs in Tahe oilfield
表 1 塔河油田奥陶系实验样品采集和方解石脉发育特征
Table 1. Characteristics of calcite veins and sample list of well cores from the Ordovician reservoirs in the Tahe oilfield
井名 样品编号 岩心块号 深度(m) 层位 产状描述 性质 宽度 充填特征 TS3 T1 1-3/5 6 100.3 O1-2y 洞穴 - 巨晶方解石全充填，解理缝发育并见油迹 T2 2-4/15 6 106.5 O1-2y 洞穴 - 巨晶方解石全充填，解理缝发育并见油迹 TS3-3 T3 5-29/46 6 595.8 O1-2y 高角度裂缝 中-粗脉 半自形-自形晶方解石和沥青全/半充填，方解石脉上发育溶蚀孔洞并被沥青半充填 T4 5-35/46 6 596.6 O1-2y 高角度裂缝 中-粗脉 半自形-自形晶方解石全/半充填，断面普含黑色沥青 TS302X T5 1-6/10 6 583.1 O1-2y 低角度裂缝 细脉 方解石全充填 AT5 A1 5-40/47 6 524.7 O2yj 高角度裂缝 粗脉 巨晶方解石全充填，方解石脉上发育少量溶蚀孔洞，溶蚀孔见油迹 A2 5-33/47 6 524.1 O2yj 低角度裂缝 微细脉 方解石全充填，延伸较短 S118 S1 8-40/52 5 912.3 O2yj 高角度裂缝 中-粗脉 方解石全充填，解理缝见油迹 
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表 2 实验样品方解石脉与围岩稀土元素特征参数
Table 2. Characteristic parameters of rare earth elements in experimental sample calcite veins and surrounding rock
井名 样品编号 期次 ΣREE δCe δEu PrN/TbN PrN/YbN TbN/YbN （测试点数） (10-6) TS302X T5 C1 1.783~4.739 0.923~1.285 0.821~1.120 0.933~1.399 0.952~1.690 1.021~1.233 （N=3） (3.40) (1.06) (0.96) (1.12) (1.30) (1.15) AT5 A2 C1 2.391~3.402 0.905~0.936 0.912~0.969 1.014~1.390 1.583~2.322 1.561~1.671 （N=2） (2.90) (0.92) (0.94) (1.20) (1.95) (1.62) TS3-3 T3 C2 2.239~3.042 0.933~1.022 0.900~1.058 0.745~0.842 1.219~2.253 1.586~3.023 （N=3） (2.60) (0.98) (0.96) (0.79) (1.85) (2.35) T4 C2 1.475~2.289 0.911~1.004 0.860~1.064 0.559~0.825 1.428~2.005 2.022~3.193 （N=5） (2.04) (0.98) (0.94) (0.69) (1.69) (2.50) S118 S1 C2 2.101~2.347 0.573~0.625 0.973~1.020 0.792~0.979 2.36~3.30 2.981~3.37 （N=2） (2.22) (0.60) (1.00) (0.89) (2.83) (3.18) TS3 T1 C3 1.407~2.680 0.798~0.912 0.813~0.929 0.443~0.487 0.627~0.738 1.416~1.584 （N=4） (2.02) (0.83) (0.87) (0.46) (0.69) (1.49) T2 C3 1.122~2.454 0.813~0.869 0.796~1.027 0.373~0.572 0.551~0.840 1.344~1.576 （N=4） (1.98) (0.84) (0.92) (0.46) (0.67) (1.47) \ \ 围岩 0.880~0.999 0.538~0.966 0.816~1.074 0.612~0.769 0.539~2.106 0.882~2.811 （N=4） (0.93) (0.85) (0.96) (0.69) (1.41) (2.01) 注：（）内为平均值，围岩均为灰岩.
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