Numerical Simulation of Sedimentary Dynamics to Estuarine Bar under the Coupled Fluvial-Tidal Control
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摘要: 潮控河口湾坝体复杂的沉积特征及内部结构尚不清楚.通过建立理想化的潮控河口湾模型，采用沉积动力学数值模拟方法，开展不同流量与潮汐能量条件下潮控河口湾坝体及内部夹层的沉积定量化模拟.结果表明，在理想情况下，大潮汐能量、中等流量条件下潮控河口湾坝体大规模发育.在潮汐能量因素分析中，潮控河口湾坝体长宽比为2~15，夹层长度集中在8 km，夹层厚度为0.1~0.2 m；在流量因素分析中，潮控河口湾坝体长宽比为1.5~9.0，夹层长度为1~2 km，夹层厚度为0.1~0.2 m.表明河流和潮汐共同作用控制着潮控河口湾坝体与夹层的形成与分布，但是潮汐作用更显著.基于沉积动力学对潮控河口湾沉积过程开展了数值模拟研究，得到了井震数据的验证，为潮控河口湾体系的沉积演化提供了新思路，从而指导潮控河口湾含油储层的勘探和开发.Abstract: The complex sedimentary characteristics and internal structure of the tidal-controlled estuary dam are still unclear. By means of establishment of an ideal tidal-controlled estuary model, using sedimentary dynamics numerical simulation method, quantitative simulation of sedimentation of tidal-controlled estuary dam and internal interlayer was carried out under different flow and tidal energy conditions. The results show that under ideal conditions, large tidal range and medium flow are conducive to large-scale development of tidal-controlled estuary bars. In the analysis of tidal energy factors, the length-to-width ratio of the tidal-controlled estuary dam is 2-15, the length of the interlayer is concentrated at 8 km, and the thickness of the interlayer is 0.1-0.2 m. In the analysis of flow factors, the length-to-width ratio of the tidal-controlled estuary dam body is 1.5-9.0, the interlayer length is 1-2 km, and the interlayer thickness is 0.1-0.2 m. Simulation results show that the coupled action of the river and tide control the formation and distribution of the bar, but the effect of the tide is more remarkable. Numerical simulation of the sedimentary process of tidal-controlled estuaries based on sedimentary dynamics has been verified by well seismic data, which will provide new ideas for the sedimentary evolution of tidal-controlled estuaries and will guide the exploration and development of oil-bearing reservoirs in the tidal-controlled estuary.
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Key words:
- estuary /
- tide /
- sedimentary dynamics /
- tidal bar /
- interlayer /
- numerical simulation /
- geological prospecting
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图 2 五种模型的三维模拟结果(a1~a5)和河口湾五种坝体形状和长度、宽度及厚度的测量(b)
a1.潮差3.4 m, 流量3 000 m3/s; a2. 潮差6.8 m, 流量3 000 m3/s; a3. 潮差7.2 m, 流量3 000 m3/s; a4. 流量1 500 m3/s, 潮差6.8 m; a5. 流量4 500 m3/s, 潮差6.8 m
Fig. 2. Three-dimensional simulation results of five models (a1-a5) and measurement of five bar shapes and length, width and thickness of estuaries (b)
图 3 泥岩夹层长度及厚度的测量
Fig. 3. Measurement of the length and thickness of mudstone interlayer
图 5 潮控河口湾流体样式及成因图
Fig. 5. Flow patterns and genesis diagrams of tide-controlled estuary
图 6 不同潮差下河口湾沉积侵蚀变化
图a~c中潮差分别为3.4、6.8、7.2 m
Fig. 6. Sedimentary erosion changes in estuaries under different tidal ranges
图 9 不同流量下河口湾沉积侵蚀变化
图a~c中流量分别为1 500、3 000、4 500 m3/s
Fig. 9. Sedimentary erosion changes in estuaries under different flow rates
图 13 D盆地过泥岩墙剖面
a.连井剖面；b.地震剖面. 据杨金秀等（2017）
Fig. 13. Vertical and planar distribution of the mudstone dikes in D Basin
表 1 模型设置
Table 1. Model settings
因素 潮汐模型 流量模型 小 中 大 小 中 大 潮汐强度(m) 3.4 6.8 7.2 6.8 6.8 6.8 河流流量(m3/s) 3 000 3 000 3 000 1 500 3 000 4 500 
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表 2 潮汐因素河口湾坝体形态统计(T=120 step)
Table 2. Tidal factors estuary bar shape statistics (T=120 step)
场景 沉积进积范围(km) 河口湾编织指数 坝体数量(个) 坝体平均长度(km) 坝体平均宽度(km) 坝体平均厚度(m) 3.4 m 38.2 5.0 18 7.41 1.61 24.5 6.8 m 48.9 6.9 34 8.10 1.56 22.4 7.2 m 70.5 8.5 40 11.65 1.43 16.8
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表 3 流量因素河口湾坝体形态统计(T=120 step)
Table 3. Discharge factor estuary bar shape statistics (T=120 step)
场景 沉积进积范围(km) 河口湾编织指数 坝体数量(个) 坝体平均长度(km) 坝体平均宽度(km) 坝体平均厚度(m) 1 500 m3/s 49.1 7.1 38 7.7 1.80 19.9 3 000 m3/s 48.9 6.9 34 8.1 1.56 22.4 4 500 m3/s 49.8 5.9 20 12.3 2.56 24.4
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表 4 数值模拟坝体规模与实例坝体规模
Table 4. Numerical simulation of the scale of a dam and the scale of an example dam
小潮差3.4 m 大潮差7.2 m 基本模型 小流量1 500 m3/s 大流量4 500 m3/s D盆地A区块 坝体长度(km) 7.41 11.65 8.10 7.7 12.30 10.0 坝体宽度(km) 1.61 1.43 1.56 1.8 2.56 1.5
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