Geochronology, Geochemistry and Petrogenesis of Late Permian Fe-Ti-P-Rich Ultramafic Rocks in Yunkai Terrane, South China
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摘要: 为了更好地理解华南板块南缘二叠纪与三叠纪之交复杂的构造格局，通过岩石学、地球化学和年代学的方法，对粤西云开地区新发现的3处晚二叠世超镁铁质侵入岩进行了研究.这些岩石位于云开地块东缘的阳春三甲和地块中部的高州大井、东岸等地，呈小岩株、岩脉产出于云开岩群的片岩、变粒岩中.它们的主要岩性为辉石岩、角闪石岩、角闪岩和斜长角闪岩，锆石SHRIMP和LA-ICP-MS U-Pb定年获得的岩石形成时代为253~259 Ma.超镁铁质侵入岩富（含钛）磁铁矿、榍石和磷灰石，显示出显著富集Fe-Ti-P的地球化学特征，并表现为轻稀土中等富集，微量元素亏损Nb-Ta-Zr-Hf的特征.全岩εNd（t）集中在-3.4~-10.0之间，锆石εHf（t）介于-1.2~-9.5，锆石δ18O集中于7.01‰~9.71‰，表现为富集岩石圈地幔源区特征.研究认为，二叠纪峨眉山地幔柱活动（~259 Ma）的影响范围可能波及到了粤桂交界的云开地区，地幔柱热流导致岩石圈地幔部分熔融形成玄武质岩浆，经不同程度的结晶分异作用，最终形成了云开晚二叠世富Fe-Ti-P超镁铁质岩.Abstract: In order to better understand the complex tectonic framework on the southern margin of South China block (SCB) between Permian and Triassic, the petrology, geochemistry and chronology of three newly discovered Late Permian ultramafic intrusions in the Yunkai area of West Guangdong were studied. These rocks are located at Yangchun Sanjia on the eastern edge of the Yunkai terrane and at Gaozhou Dajing and Dong'an in the middle of the Yunkai terrane. They are intrusive rocks in schist and paragneiss of the Yunkai Group and out putted as laccoliths or dykes which main lithologies are pyroxenite, hornblendite, amphibolite and plagioclase amphibolite. Zircon SHRIMP and LA-ICP-MS U-Pb age of ultramafic rocks are 253-259 Ma. These intrusive rocks are rich in titanomagnetite, titanite and apatite, showing strong enrichment of Fe-Ti-P, and exhibiting moderate enrichment of LREE and depletion in Nb-Ta-Zr-Hf. Ultramafic rocks exhibit relatively low εNd(t)(-3.4 to -10.0) of whole rocks, εHf(t) (-1.2 to -9.5) and δ18O(7.01‰-9.71‰) values of zircon, showing the enriched lithosphere mantle source affinity. In this study, it is suggested that the influence range of Permian Emeishan mantle plume(~259 Ma) may have spread to Yunkai area. Yunkai Late Permian ultramafic intrusions are generated from the partial melting of the lithospheric mantle which resulted from heat flow of mantle plume. Fe-Ti-P-rich minerals were assembled at the late stage of magma crystallization.
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Key words:
- Yunkai terrane /
- ultramafic /
- Emeishan mantle plume /
- zircon Hf-O isotope /
- geochemistry
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图 1 华南板块二叠纪-三叠纪构造格局与主要岩浆岩分布
Fig. 1. Structural framework and igneous rocks of South China block in the Permian-Triassic
图 2 云开地块地质简图（a）、阳春三甲超镁铁质侵入体地质图（b）和大井-东岸地区地质简图（c）
Fig. 2. Geological map of Yunkai terrane(a) and ultramafic intrusion maps (b, c)
图 3 典型野外露头及岩石镜下特征
a.大井上平废弃采石场外貌；b.角闪石岩，角闪石粒径粗大，集中在3~15 mm；c.东岸上垌超镁铁质岩露头不佳，所见多为风化壳内的准原地滚石；d~e.三甲（磷灰石磁铁矿）角闪石岩，含钛磁铁矿呈海绵陨铁状-浸染状填充在角闪石晶间，呈堆晶结构；f.三甲黑云母辉石岩；g~h.大井上平角闪岩，粗大的角闪石晶内及晶间包裹大量细小的磷灰石、榍石和含钛磁铁矿；i.东岸上平石榴斜长角闪岩.图 3e为正交平光，其他为单偏光.Hbl.角闪石；Mag.磁铁矿；Ap.磷灰石；Ttn.榍石；Grt.石榴石；Pl.斜长石；Cpx.单斜辉石；Bt.黑云母
Fig. 3. Field and microscopic photos of typical ultramafic rocks
图 4 变基性岩原岩判别(a)和TAS图解(b)
图a据Misra(1971); 图b据Middlemost(1994)，矾山数据引自Hou et al.(2015)
Fig. 4. Identification of the origin of metabasites (a) and TAS classification diagram(b) of the ultramafic rocks
图 5 超镁铁质岩Mg#与主量元素、Ni、Zr元素和(La/Yb)n比值哈克图解
Fig. 5. Major elements and Ni, Zr covariation diagrams of the ultramafic rocks
图 6 超镁铁质岩全岩Fe-Ti含量变化特征
Fig. 6. FeOT vs. TiO2 and Fe2O3 vs. TiO2 covariation diagrams of the ultramafic rocks
图 7 球粒陨石标准化稀土元素配分模式图解（a, c）和原始地幔标准化微量元素蛛网图解（b, d）
Fig. 7. Chondrite-normalized REE patterns(a, c) and primitive-mantle normalized multi-elemental spider diagrams(b, d) of ultramafic rocks
图 8 超镁铁质岩SiO2-εNd(t)(a)和ISr-εNd(t)(b)图解
峨眉山玄武岩和矾山数据分别引自Luo et al.(2014)和Hou et al.(2015)
Fig. 8. SiO2-εNd(t) (a) and ISr-εNd(t) (b) diagrams of ultramafic rocks
图 9 超镁铁质岩锆石阴极发光图像
数字为206Pb/238U表面年龄和δ18O值
Fig. 9. Photomicrographs of all zircons analyzed for U-Pb ages and O isotopes
图 11 东岸上垌石榴斜长角闪岩（15SD25-1）锆石Th-U与稀土元素特征
Fig. 11. Th vs. U and chondrite-normalized REE patterns of zircons of plagioclase amphibolite(15SD25-1) from Dong'an Shangdong
图 12 大井上平角闪岩（15DJ13）锆石Hf-O同位素组成
竹雅、石板辉长岩数据周岱等(2017)；龙虎岗辉绿岩数据引自Wang et al.(2013)
Fig. 12. Zircon Hf-O isotopic element of amphibolite (15DJ13) from Dajing Shangping
图 13 超镁铁质岩Th/Yb-Nb/Yb图解（a）和TiO2/Yb-Nb/Yb图解（b）
底图据Pearce(2008)；云开早古生代基性岩据Wang et al.(2013)和周岱等(2017)
Fig. 13. Discrimination diagrams of Th/Yb vs. Nb/Y (a) and TiO2/Yb vs. Nb/Yb (b) for the ultramafic rocks
表 1 云开地块及周边地区二叠纪至三叠纪典型岩浆岩统计
Table 1. The typical igneous rocks in Yunkai terrane and adjacent area between Permian and Triassic
分布区域 岩体名称 主要岩性 形成年龄（Ma） 数据来源 桂东南 大容山-六万大山-十万大山 堇青石黑云母花岗岩、石榴石紫苏辉石花岗岩 248~251 Jiao et al., 2015；王磊等，2016 桂东南 那丽 堇青石黑云母二长花岗岩 262~265 贾小辉等，2012；Li et al., 2016 粤西 阳春三甲、高州上平-上垌 辉石岩、角闪石岩 253~259 本文 粤西 岑溪安平 辉长岩、辉绿岩 248~252 Xu et al., 2018 粤西 新兴 黑云母二长花岗岩 240~224 未发表数据 粤西 那蓬 混合花岗岩 245~231 柯贤忠等，2018 川滇、黔、桂西 峨眉山大火成岩省 玄武岩、辉长岩、辉绿岩 259 Zhong et al., 2014；Fan et al., 2008 海南 五指山、尖峰岭、黎母岭 花岗岩、碱性岩、辉长岩 280~220 谢才富等，2006；Li et al., 2006 
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