Multiple-Stage Structural Superimposition of Cretaceous-Paloegene Deformation in West Hill of Beijing: An Example from the Ordovician Carbonate Rocks in Huangyuan, Zhoukoudian
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摘要: 北京西山中新生代多期次变形强烈，是探讨华北板块构造演化的重要窗口.构造解析及EBSD组构分析表明，黄院奥陶系发育4个期次变形，第2期NE-SW向挤压变形为主体构造样式.第1期为顶面指向SEE的简单剪切，透入性面理S1已基本置换层理S0，伴生110°~120°缓倾拉伸线理；自北向南，第2期变形可划分为纵弯褶皱亚带和逆冲剪切亚带，褶皱倒伏趋势和剪切条带显示上盘向SW逆冲；第3期为沿面理S2发生的NNW向正断层式滑脱，第4期为近N-S向陡倾正断层系.依据卷入变形的闪长岩脉最年轻锆石U-Pb年龄峰值（~116 Ma），结合区域地质资料，认为：（1）黄院奥陶系第1期SEE向剪切时代为早白垩世晚期；（2）第2期晚白垩世NE-SW向挤压变形形成于燕山运动晚期，可能与蒙古-鄂霍茨克洋关闭之后的陆陆汇聚相关.Abstract: The West Hill of Beijing experienced multiple stages of deformation since Mesozoic,and is considered as an important window to decipher the tectonic evolution of the North China block. Structural analyses and the EBSD data show that the Ordovician carbonate rocks in Huangyuan of Zhoukoudian is characterized by four stages of deformation,among which the D2 NE-SW-striking compressional structures shaped the main structural style. The D1 is represented by top-to-the-SEE (110°-120°) shearing bands and the penetrative stretching lineation L1,and the pervasive foliation S1 has replaced the sedimentary bedding S0. From north to south,the D2 deformation can be subdivided into two subzones including buckle fold and ductile shear zone,showing a consistent kinematics of top-to-the-SE thrusting as indicated by the fold vergence and shearing bands,respectively. The D3 is featured by the NWW-directed normal slipping superimposed on the foliation S2,and the D4 displays nearly N-S-trending high-angle normal faults. According to the youngest zircon U-Pb age peak (~116 Ma) of a diorite intrusion,it infers that the D1 happened in the late Early Cretaceous,and the D2 occurred in the Late Cretaceous,i.e.,the Late Yanshanian stage,probably as a response to the continental-continental collision after the closure of the Mongol-Okhotsk Ocean.
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Key words:
- West Hill of Beijing /
- multiple-stage deformation /
- structure /
- Ordovician /
- Cretaceous /
- structural geology
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图 1 周口店地区地质-构造简图(a)及大地构造背景(b)
Fig. 1. Regional geology of Zhoukoudian area (a) and its location in North China craton (NCC)(b)
图 2 黄院金子沟地区宏观构造样式及各地质点构造要素吴氏网投影
a.金子沟东侧自然剖面AA′；b.Google地图显示的观察点和自然剖面位置, GPS点位详见附表 1；c.金子沟西侧自然剖面BB′；d~e.D005观察点马家沟组灰岩D2期近EW向纵弯褶皱及岩层面上所显示的矿物拉伸线理L1，近水平断面显示有D1期倾竖型流变褶皱，白色岩层为大理岩化灰岩，表面存在连续分布的片状绢云母；f.D006观察点马家沟组泥晶灰岩中的闪长岩脉石香肠，岩脉边界存在热接触变质，灰岩发生大理岩化
Fig. 2. Macro structural style and polar stereographic projection net for each geological element in Jinzigou, Zhoukoudian
图 3 下奥陶统马家沟组各期次构造变形特征
a.显示D2期指向SW的逆冲运动特征，闪长岩脉石香肠化，并发育有P、R等次级破裂；b.显示灰岩中较为透入的逆冲剪切面理S2，其中的闪长岩脉石香肠为锆石定年样品；c~d.为D3期沿剪切面理S2发生的NNW向的正断层式滑动；e.为图 2b中岩层近EW向横截面，黑色脉体褶皱及碎斑系显示D1期上盘向E的剪切滑动；f.为向西陡倾的高角度正断层，切割(B)中闪长岩香肠体为矩形块体，沿断层面形成小型牵引褶皱
Fig. 3. Structural characteristics of each deformation phase in Majiagou Formation (Lower Ordovician)
图 4 下奥陶统亮甲山组各期次变形特征
a.泥晶灰岩形成的D2期逆冲剪切面理S2，白色方解石脉石香肠化，次级破裂R显示上盘向南西的逆冲，面理中夹有白云质灰岩形成同斜褶皱，下部的白云质灰岩层出现一组雁列式张裂T(图 4c)；b.面理S2伴生的方解石香肠体，发育两组里德尔剪裂；d.为一组NWW倾向的高角度正断层，伴生有雁列式的张裂脉
Fig. 4. Structural characteristics of each deformation phase in Liangjiashan Formation (Lower Ordovician)
图 5 下奥陶统冶里组多期次变形特征
图a显示两期次变形的叠加，下部硅质条带石香肠化，小型叠瓦构造指示D2期上盘SW向的逆冲剪切，上部泥晶灰岩形成的S-C组构显示D3期沿面理S2向NNW滑脱；图b为面理S2的近EW向截面，方解石不对称香肠显示D1期上盘SEE向的剪切；图c为图d的垂向截面，显示D3期沿面理S2朝NNW向滑脱形成S-C组构，S构造面发生微弱滑动，改造面理S2为“Z”形弯曲（图 5d）.图d~e为面理S2显示的SEE向透入性拉伸线理；图f为面理S2对S1置换形成的褶劈理.图b, 图d和图f显示的露头位于金子沟东侧
Fig. 5. Structural characteristics of each deformation phase in Yeli Formation (Lower Ordovician)
图 6 黄院金子沟奥陶系多阶段变形的卡通图解
Fig. 6. Cartoons to explain Ordovician multi-phase deformation in Jinzigou, Zhoukoudian area
图 7 奥陶系灰岩的显微变形特征
a. D001观察点冶里组灰岩定向薄片，白色方解石条带发生不对称石香肠化，显示上盘向W的剪切（构造指向发生了逆转，见图 6）；b.D006点马家沟组灰岩定向薄片，面理S2与动态重结晶方解石颗粒瞬时拉伸应变轴（ISA2）的关系显示上盘向SW的逆冲.c, d.D002观察点马家沟组灰岩定向薄片，石英脉条带出现了普遍的亚颗粒化
Fig. 7. Microscopic deformational features of Ordovician limestones
图 8 金子沟奥陶系灰岩定向薄片EBSD组构分析显示的结晶学优选（CPO）
a.D001冶里组方解石的EBSD极图；b.D002马家沟组石英的EBSD极图
Fig. 8. The analytical results of crystallographic preferred orientation (CPO) for calcite and quartz in oriented thin-sections of Jinzigou limestone
图 10 闪长岩锆石U-Pb年龄谐和图和206Pb/238U年龄统计直方图
Fig. 10. Zircon U-Pb concordia and 206Pb/238U age diagram
表 1 周口店金子沟奥陶系变形期次划分
Table 1. Summary of deformation phases in Jinzigou, Zhoukoudian
期次 变形样式 运动学/应力场 构造相 时间 D1 近EW剪切条带，面理S1，100°~120°SE向拉伸线理 上盘向SEE滑动 韧性变形-流变 130~110 Ma D2 近EW向纵弯褶皱、逆冲型韧性剪切带，面理S2 NNE-SSW向挤压，指向SW的逆冲 韧性变形为主 晚白垩世 D3 沿面理S2的NNW向伸展滑动 上盘NNW向正断式滑动 脆-韧性 晚白垩世 D4 近NS向陡倾的正断层系 近EW向伸展 脆性变形为主 白垩纪末-新生代（70~60 Ma） 
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