Distribution Characteristics of Volcanic Rock in CFD Oilfield and Its Controlling Effect on Reservoir
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摘要: 火山岩复合油气藏特征独特，为揭示该类油气藏的特征和拓展勘探思路，论述了火山岩的特征及其对油藏的控制作用.综合薄片、钻井、测井和地震资料研究火山岩的岩相特征和发育模式，采用岩电分析和测井响应特征研究手段定量识别玄武岩和凝灰岩.在此基础上，依据地球物理手段确定火山岩和砂泥岩的波阻抗界限值，并基于测井约束下的波阻抗反演和东营组局部井区杂乱反射的地震特征，实现复杂岩性背景下火山岩的刻画和分布预测.论证结果：馆陶组为火山大规模活动期，发育大套火山岩，火山岩主要分布于油田南部和西南部.东营组和沙河街组火山小规模活动，发育少量火山岩，零星分布于油田的局部井区；主断裂区火山岩较厚，远离断裂区火山岩相对较薄，主断裂控制火山岩的发育程度和分布；火山岩岩性致密，可作为油藏的盖层和侧向遮挡层，并占据外来碎屑岩的沉积空间；火山岩是研究区油气成藏的必要条件，但其分割圈闭，控制和限制碎屑岩储层的分布，也限定了油藏的类型和规模，并对原油物性具有一定的影响.研究成果揭示了渤海湾盆地中新生界新的勘探领域，也可为该类油田的油藏评价和开发部署提供范例.Abstract: The characteristics of volcanic complex reservoirs are unique. In order to reveal the characteristics of these reservoirs and expand the exploration ideas, this paper discusses the characteristics of volcanic rocks and their control on the reservoirs. The lithofacies characteristics and development patterns of volcanic rocks were studied by combining thin section, drilling, logging and seismic data. In addition, basalt and tuff were identified quantitatively by means of rock electrical analysis and logging response characteristics. Based on this, the boundary limits of wave impedance of volcanic rock and sand-mudstone are determined by geophysical method, and the seismic characteristics of wave impedance inversion under logging constraints and disorderly reflection in local well area of Dong Ying Formation are used to describe and predict volcanic rock distribution under complex lithological background. Guan Tao Formation is a large-scale volcanic activity period which contributes to development of a large set of volcanic rock, mainly distributing in the south and southwest of the oil field. The slightly activity of the Volcanoes of Dong Ying and Sha He Jie Groups results in a small amount of volcanic rock developed, which is scattered in the local well area of oil field. The closer to main faulted area, the thicker volcanic rocks are, so it can be inferred that development and distribution of volcanic rocks controlled by main faults. Volcanic rock is tight, which can serve as reservoir cap rock and lateral sealing layer, occupying the sedimentary space of exotic clastic rocks. Volcanic rock is a necessary condition for oil and gas accumulation in the study area, but it will segment trap, control and restrict the distribution of clastic rock, limit the type and scale of reservoir, as well as have certain effect on the crude oil property. The research results reveal a new exploration area of Cenozoic in Bohai Bay Basin, which can also provide an example for reservoir evaluation and development deployment.
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图 3 CFD油田火山岩照片
左图. CFD1井，馆陶组Ⅱ油组，1 823 m，井壁取心；右图. CFD1井，馆陶组Ⅲ油组，2 339 m，井壁取心
Fig. 3. Photos of volcanic rocks in CFD oilfield
图 4 CFD油田火山岩微观结构
玄武岩中斑晶为长条状长石、粒状辉石，F. 长石，P. 辉石；凝灰岩中见气孔-杏仁构造或斑状构造，A. 杏仁构造，PT. 斑状构造
Fig. 4. Microstructure of volcanic rock in CFD oilfield
图 5 CFD油田火山岩岩性识别图版
Fig. 5. Lithology identification chart of volcanic rock in CFD oilfield
图 6 CFD油田不同岩性密度声波时差交会图
Fig. 6. Cross plot of density acoustic time difference for different lithology in CFD oilfield
图 7 CFD油田多井速度密度交会图
Fig. 7. Velocity density cross plot of multiple wells in CFD oilfield
图 8 反演数据火山岩刻画效果
a. 馆陶组Ⅲ-1油组最大阻抗属性反演地震剖面；b. 馆陶组Ⅲ-1油组最大阻抗属性平面图；a图中：V. 火山岩；SM. 砂泥岩；VV. 火山通道；N1ml.明化镇组下段底面；N1g-Ⅱ. 馆陶组Ⅱ油组顶面；N1g-Ⅲ. 馆陶组Ⅲ油组1亚油组顶面；N1g-Ⅲ-2. 馆陶组Ⅲ油组2亚油组顶面；N1g. 馆陶组底面；E3d1. 东营组东一段底面；E3d2u-Ⅱ. 东营组东二段Ⅱ油组顶面；E3d2u-Ⅲ.东营组东二段Ⅲ油组顶面；E3d2u. 东营组东二段Ⅲ油组底面，E3d2l. 东营组东二下段底面；E3d3. 东营组东三段底面；b图中：V. 火山岩（黄色和红色区域）；SM. 砂泥岩（蓝色区域）
Fig. 8. Effect map for volcanic rock description basing on inversion data
图 9 H3井区和1井区东营组地震剖面和沿层相干切片
a. 东营组二段上段Ⅰ油组地震剖面；b. 东营组二段上段Ⅱ油组地震剖面；c. 东营组二段上段Ⅰ油组沿层相干切片；d. 东营组二段上段Ⅱ油组沿层相干切片；a图中地震剖面位置见c和d，b图中地震剖面位置见d和d，c图中蓝色段划线区域代表杂乱反射区，d图中蓝色段划线区域代表杂乱反射区；N1ml. 明化镇组下段底面；N1g-Ⅱ. 馆陶组Ⅱ油组顶面；N1g-Ⅲ. 馆陶组Ⅲ油组1亚油组顶面；N1g-Ⅲ-2. 馆陶组Ⅲ油组2亚油组顶面；N1g. 馆陶组底面；E3d1. 东营组东一段底面；E3d2u-Ⅱ. 东营组东二段Ⅱ油组顶面；E3d2u-Ⅲ. 东营组东二段Ⅲ油组顶面；E3d2u. 东营组东二段Ⅲ油组底面；E3d2l. 东营组东二下段底面；E3d3. 东营组东三段底面
Fig. 9. Seismic profile and coherent slice along the layer of Dongying Formation in well H3 and well block 1
图 10 CFD油田馆陶组火山岩平面分布
a.馆陶组Ⅲ-1油组火成岩最大振幅平面展布特征；b.馆陶组Ⅲ-2油组火成岩最大振幅平面展布特征；V. 火山岩（黄色和红色区域）；SM. 砂泥岩（蓝色区域）
Fig. 10. Distribution map of volcanic rocks in Guantao Formation of CFD oilfield
图 11 CFD油田东二上段Ⅰ油组油层有效厚度等值线图
Fig. 11. Net pay thickness isochore map of Ⅰ oil group for upper section 2 of Dongying Formation in CFD oilfield
图 12 CFD油田及周边区域火山岩厚度发育特征
Fig. 12. Thickness development characteristics of volcanic rocks in CFD oilfield and its surrounding areas
图 14 CFD油田馆陶组和东营组火山岩薄片
a. CFD 2d井，馆陶组砂岩，2 286.8 m，25+，铸体薄片；b. CFD 1井，东一段砂岩，2 483.7 m，50+，铸体薄片；Q. 石英；F. 长石；VF. 火山岩岩屑
Fig. 14. Thin section photos of volcanic rocks of Guantao and Dongying Formation in CFD oilfield
图 15 火山岩宏观和微观特征
GP. 气孔；RP. 残余孔；F. 裂缝
Fig. 15. Macroscopic and microscopic characteristics of volcanic rocks
表 1 CFD油田油层段储层物性统计
Table 1. Statistics of reservoir physical properties in oil bearing section in CFD oilfield
项目地层 孔隙度（%） 渗透率（mD） 范围 平均 范围 平均 馆陶组 18.0~28.0 20.6 12.1~1 232.4 411.3 东二上段 13.0~25.2 19.3 7.0~1 059.2 442.9 
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表 2 CFD油田火山岩岩性和测井响应特征
Table 2. Characteristics of lithology and logging response in CFD oilfield
岩石名称 岩相 测井响应 测井定量识别 玄武岩 溢流相 低伽马、高电阻率、高密度、低中子、低声波时差 GR < 80, ZDEN>2.45 CNCF < 0.24, DT < 68, RD>10 凝灰岩 爆发相 低伽马、低电阻率、低-中密度、中-高中子、高声波时差 GR < 60, ZDEN < 2.66 CNCF>0.25, DT>80, RD>10
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表 3 CFD油田火山岩波阻抗截止值
Table 3. Cut off value of wave impedance of volcanic rock in CFD oilfield
火山岩主体区 火山岩边部区 沙泥岩发育区 玄武岩发育带 玄武岩夹凝灰岩带 火山岩截止值 馆陶组 >9 000 9 000~5 000 < 5 000 5 000 东二上段油藏 < 5 000 >9 000 9 000~5 000 注：单位为（g/cm3）·m/s.
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表 4 CFD油田不同岩性火山岩厚度统计(单位：m)
Table 4. Thickness(m) statistics of volcanic rocks with different lithology in CFD oilfield
层位 岩性 H3 CFD1-1 CFD1-2 CFD1 CFD2d CFD3 馆陶组 玄武岩 541.5 32.3 187.0 38.0 80.0 138.0 凝灰岩 50.0 128.0 0 262.0 106.8 54.0 东营组+沙河街组 玄武岩 116.3 0 28.0 0 62.0 76.0 凝灰岩 154.3 28.8 12.5 0 53.0 32.0
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表 5 CFD油田各层段储层和火山岩分布面积统计
Table 5. Statistical of reservoir and volcanic rock distribution area for each interval in CFD oilfield
层位 测量面积（km2） 储层面积 火山岩面积 馆陶组上部 46.19 0 馆陶组中部 24.14 22.05 馆陶组下部 32.55 13.64 东一段 38.99 7.20 东二上段 42.80 3.39 东二下段 43.39 2.80 东三段 43.99 2.20
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表 6 CFD油田圈闭特征
Table 6. Trap characteristics of CFD oilfield
层位 圈闭 圈闭类型 圈闭面积(km2) 闭合幅度(m) 合计圈闭面积(km2) N1gⅠ油组 1井区 断块 3.0 30 3.5 H3井区 断块 0.5 40 N1gⅢ-1油组 2d井区 断块 0.7 90 3.6 3井区东 断块 1.0 60 3井区 岩性 1.6 70 2d井区南 断块 0.3 50 N1gⅢ-2油组 2d井区 断块 1.1 90 5.6 3井区东 断块 1.0 40 3井区 岩性 3.1 60 2d井区南 断块 0.4 80 E3d2uⅠ油组 2d井区 断块 2.2 100 2.9 2d井区南 断块 0.7 110 E3d2uⅡ油组 2d井区 断块 2.4 100 3.1 2d井区南 断块 0.7 110
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表 7 CFD及其周边油田油藏和流体特征对比
Table 7. Comparison of reservoir and fluid characteristics of CFD and its surrounding oilfields
油田名称 含油层位 储层沉积相 油藏埋深(海拔：m) 地面原油密度（t/m3） 地层原油粘度(mPa·s) 地层温度梯度(℃/100 m) 地层压力梯度(MPa/100 m) 气油比(m3/m3) 地层条件下体积系数 南堡35-2油田 明化镇组 曲流河 900~1 350 0.938~0.950 42.30~134.30 3.0 1.000 15~20 1.065 馆陶组 辫状河 1 350~1 500 0.950~0.957 86.100 3.0 1.000 9 1.040 东营组 / / / / / / / / 曹妃甸6-4油田 明化镇组 曲流河 1 115~1 600 0.932~0.951 176.00 3.2 1.009 2 1.026 馆陶组 辫状河 1 600~1 910 0.888~0.909 9.30 3.2 1.009 17 1.077 东营组 三角洲 1 910~2 556 0.859~0.863 2.00 3.2 1.009 137 1.460 CFD油田 明化镇组 / / / / / / / / 馆陶组 辫状河 1 640~2 334 0.860~0.948 2.05~2.12 3.5 1.060 110~115 1.336~1.347 东营组 三角洲 2 400~2 568 0.838~0.851 2.39 3.5 1.060 126 1.349
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