Hydrogeochemistry of Geothermal Waters from Taihang Mountain-Xiong'an New Area and Its Indicating Significance
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摘要: 雄安新区蓟县系雾迷山组热储层中具有丰富的中低温地热资源，研究其地热流体水文地球化学特征可分析地热资源的形成机制，对推动雄安新区深部地热资源有效开发利用具有重要意义.太行山区雾迷山组为基岩裸露区，雄安新区雾迷山组基底埋藏较深，两个系统的地热流体经历不同的水岩相互作用，导致水化学特征有一定差异.通过对保定以西太行山区-雄安新区共26组蓟县系雾迷山组地热流体样品的水化学及同位素数据进行分析，研究地热流体的补给来源及经历的深部地热循环过程.太行山区雾迷山组流体水化学类型以HCO3-Ca·Mg型为主，雄安新区以Cl·HCO3-Na型为主.地热流体均来源于大气降水，通过断裂、裂隙等通道入渗，在长距离运移过程中伴随有矿物的沉淀和溶解现象，水岩相互作用逐渐增强.深部热循环深度为2 880.26~4 143.42 m，均值为3 700 m，深部热储温度为160℃左右；地热流体在深部通过断裂上升过程中，由于传导冷却、冷水混入及深部热源通过结晶基底的热传导作用，在750~2 100 m的凸起处雾迷山组碳酸盐岩地层中封闭聚集形成热储层，热储平均温度为70℃左右，属于对流-传导型地热系统.Abstract: There are abundant geothermal resources in Wumishan Formation of Jixian system in Xiong'an New Area. The study of the hydrogeochemical characteristics of geothermal water can be used to analyze the mechanism of geothermal resources, which is of great significance in the deep of Xiong'an New Area. Based on the analysis of hydrochemical and isotopic data that tested from 26 geothermal water samples of Wumishan Formation in Taihang Mountain-Xiong'an New Area, this paper studies the source of geothermalwater supply and cyclic process of deep geothermal. The results show that HCO3-Ca·Mg is the main hydrochemical type of geothermal water in Taihang Mountain, while Cl·HCO3-Na is the main hydrochemical type in Xiong'an New Area. The geothermal water infiltrates through faults and fractures, accompanied by mineral precipitation and dissolution in the process of long-distance migration, and the interaction between water and rock gradually increases. The depth of deep thermal cycle is 2 880.26-4 143.42 m, with an average value of 3 700 m, and the temperature of deep thermal reservoir is about 160 ℃. The average temperature (lower limit temperature) of thermal reservoir at 750-2 100 m is about 70 ℃ due to the effect of conduction cooling and mixing of 42%-67% cold water during the deep rise of geothermal water.It belongs to convection-conduction geothermal system.
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Key words:
- Xiong'an New Area /
- geothermal /
- hydrogeochemistry /
- hydrogen-oxygen isotope /
- hydrogeology
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图 2 研究区前新生代地质图及采样分布位置
Fig. 2. Pre-Cenozoic map of the Xiong'an geothermal area and sampling locations
图 3 研究区地热流体水化学Piper图
Fig. 3. Piper diagram showing the water samples in Xiong'an New Area
图 4 研究区雾迷山组地下热水各离子与TDS关系
Fig. 4. Relationship between trace elements and TDS in Xiong' an New Area
图 5 雄安新区雾迷山组地下热水各离子与CI含量关系
Fig. 5. Relationship between trace elements and chlorine content in Xiong 'an New Area
图 6 研究区地热流体Ca2++Mg2+与HCO3-关系
Fig. 6. Relationship between Ca2++Mg2+ and HCO3- of the geothermal water in Xiong'an New Area
图 7 雄安新区雾迷山组地热流体δD和δ18O关系
Fig. 7. Relationship between δD and δ18O of the geothermal water in Xiong'an New Area
图 8 太行山-雄安新区地热流体Na-K-Mg三角图
Fig. 8. The Na-K-Mg triangular diagram of the geothermal water in Xiong'an New Area
图 10 雄安新区典型地热流体硅-焓模型
Fig. 10. Temperature of the geothermal water and mixing ratio of cold water in Xiong'an New Area
图 11 研究区蓟县系雾迷山组地热流体成因模式
Fig. 11. Geological genetic model of the geothermal water in Xiong'an New Area
表 1 研究区雾迷山组地下水化学主要指标测试结果
Table 1. Hydrochemical analysis data of the geothermal water in Xiong'an New Area
井号 pH K+ Na+ Ca2+ Mg2+ HCO3- Cl- SO42- F- TDS δD (‰) δ18O (‰) 14C年代(a B.P) 含量(mg/L) X1 8.31 2.13 370.92 5.31 1.51 447.31 308.71 18.71 1.46 1 193 -75.71 -9.94 ~43 500 X2 8.63 1.91 323.21 4.84 1.64 439.32 208.12 33.74 1.66 1 061 -73.85 -9.91 ~43 500 X3 6.94 48.24 804.83 57.53 28.23 706.60 1 101.01 1.15 6.90 2 832 -74.79 -8.66 ~43 500 X4 7.17 50.39 848.65 54.87 26.96 682.03 1 164.04 8.68 7.16 2 926 -74.21 -8.57 ~43 500 X5 7.31 52.10 857.71 58.80 27.39 694.32 1 175.08 1.57 7.02 2 960 -74.21 -8.64 ~43 500 X6 7.99 4.61 589.12 17.53 4.71 405.54 620.95 159.02 1.69 1 830 -74.21 -9.72 ~42 800 X7 8.72 1.76 472.53 12.22 3.10 349.01 580.94 30.21 1.19 1 424 -75.57 -10.00 ~34 020 X8 8.78 2.04 317.42 4.78 1.51 388.30 205.04 34.51 1.52 1 014 -76.28 -9.87 ~33 600 X9 7.20 45.02 800.80 62.86 30.58 700.52 1 079.07 < 0.20 7.02 2 799 -74.22 -8.72 ~43 500 X10 7.58 42.80 790.01 61.87 30.08 694.31 1 090.05 3.56 7.04 2 790 — — — X11 7.90 9.86 395.42 303.30 11.48 439.33 340.42 144.30 1.811 1 402 -75.86 -9.80 ~35 960 X12 7.71 43.13 780.71 60.71 30.13 700.52 1 076.02 2.48 7.05 2 769 — — — X13 6.99 52.64 835.03 53.75 23.85 662.44 1 182.06 1.33 7.09 2 908 -75.12 -8.61 ~43 500 B1 8.05 0.90 2.66 23.66 22.78 176.00 2.11 4.99 0.27 258 -74.00 -10.40 — B2 7.92 2.30 15.58 80.80 23.54 261.10 17.95 68.14 0.73 502 -67.00 -9.30 — B3 7.85 1.24 4.40 54.32 19.05 240.61 4.93 8.99 0.24 351 -75.00 -10.50 — B4 8.19 0.76 6.32 67.22 35.83 293.41 9.15 53.36 0.45 491 -65.00 -8.90 — B5 7.78 1.17 16.31 89.78 36.88 316.82 33.78 40.77 0.39 623 -62.00 -8.60 — B6 7.85 0.49 6.11 72.75 39.65 316.83 10.56 47.85 0.50 533 -61.00 -8.50 — B7 7.32 5.24 28.70 134.00 31.23 257.34 56.59 153.30 0.32 785 -61.93 -8.57 ~200 B8 7.71 4.99 11.04 51.48 13.33 162.33 23.73 22.07 0.40 332 -61.67 -8.56 ~3 890 B9 7.82 0.89 3.51 65.24 34.63 300.64 8.03 30.79 0.21 468 -66.45 -9.04 ~940 B10 7.69 0.70 9.02 70.64 25.18 276.51 11.32 17.03 0.27 458 -61.64 -8.40 ~810 B11 7.65 0.43 10.05 66.60 22.59 246.50 16.43 23.63 0.34 434 -61.13 -8.30 ~2 170 B12 7.48 1.87 28.76 57.87 34.26 360.71 7.30 23.13 0.47 544 -74.09 -10.30 ~19 130 B13 7.62 1.46 12.70 108.20 26.96 324.64 27.38 32.72 0.26 629 -60.03 -8.01 ~-300 
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表 2 研究区雾迷山组地热流体离子特征系数表
Table 2. Ion characteristic coefficient of geothermal water in Xiong'an New Area
井号 Na+ Cl- HCO3- SO42- 变质系数 含量(mmol/L) γNa+/γCl- γCl-/γHCO3- γSO42-/γCl- X1 16.13 8.70 7.33 0.19 1.85 1.19 2.24 X2 14.05 5.86 7.20 0.35 2.40 0.81 6.00 X3 34.99 31.01 11.58 0.01 1.13 2.68 0.04 X4 36.90 32.79 11.18 0.09 1.13 2.93 0.28 X5 37.29 33.10 11.38 0.02 1.13 2.91 0.05 X6 25.61 17.49 6.65 1.66 1.46 2.63 9.47 X7 20.54 16.36 5.72 0.31 1.26 2.86 1.92 X8 13.80 5.77 6.37 0.36 2.39 0.91 6.22 X9 34.82 30.39 11.48 0.00 1.15 2.65 0.01 X10 34.35 30.70 11.38 0.04 1.12 2.70 0.12 X11 17.19 9.59 7.20 1.50 1.79 1.33 15.68 X12 33.94 30.31 11.48 0.03 1.12 2.64 0.09 X13 36.30 33.30 10.86 0.01 1.09 3.07 0.04 B1 0.12 0.06 2.89 0.05 1.95 0.02 87.45 B2 0.68 0.51 4.28 0.71 1.34 0.12 140.38 B3 0.19 0.14 3.94 0.09 1.38 0.04 67.43 B4 0.27 0.26 4.81 0.56 1.07 0.05 215.65 B5 0.71 0.95 5.19 0.42 0.75 0.18 44.63 B6 0.27 0.30 5.19 0.50 0.89 0.06 167.56 B7 1.25 1.59 4.22 1.60 0.78 0.38 100.18 B8 0.48 0.67 2.66 0.23 0.72 0.25 34.39 B9 0.15 0.23 4.93 0.32 0.67 0.05 141.79 B10 0.39 0.32 4.53 0.18 1.23 0.07 55.63 B11 0.44 0.46 4.04 0.25 0.94 0.11 53.18 B12 1.25 0.21 5.91 0.24 6.08 0.03 117.17 B13 0.55 0.77 5.32 0.34 0.72 0.14 44.19
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表 3 研究区地热温标估算值
Table 3. Calculation results of geothermal temperature in Xiong'an New Area
井号 SiO2地热温标(℃) 井号 SiO2地热温标(℃) 多矿物平衡法(℃) 硅-焓混合模型(℃) T石英 T玉髓 T石英 T玉髓 B1 70.73 38.96 X1 76.50 45.00 142 112 B2 51.53 19.07 X2 112.19 83.08 138 100 B3 39.81 7.08 X3 70.93 39.16 167 80 B4 44.34 11.70 X4 69.22 37.38 167 140 B5 60.14 27.94 X5 38.54 5.79 162 142 B6 43.50 10.85 X6 72.36 40.66 150 100 B7 70.93 39.16 X7 103.31 73.50 128 109 B8 69.22 37.38 X8 79.10 47.74 121 99 B9 37.30 4.54 X9 99.71 69.63 153 127 B10 55.90 23.57 X10 40.91 8.20 158 128 B11 55.97 23.63 X11 45.00 12.37 163 132 B12 81.55 50.32 X12 70.73 38.96 160 126 B13 71.81 40.08 X13 55.97 23.63 169 146 保定山区
热储温度均值54.91 22.61 雄安新区
热储温度均值97.45 67.32 157 128.38
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表 4 雄安新区热储热循环深度计算结果
Table 4. Calculation results of thermal cycle depth in Xiong'an New Area
井号 热储平均温度/下限温度(℃) 热循环深度(m) 深部热储温度(℃) 最终热循环深度(m) X1 47.74 952.32 142 3 432.89 X2 43.14 831.29 138 3 327.63 X3 73.50 1 630.17 167 4 090.79 X4 85.82 1 954.49 167 4 090.79 X5 83.08 1 882.45 162 3 959.21 X6 42.01 801.58 150 3 643.42 X7 45.00 880.21 128 3 064.47 X8 40.66 766.09 121 2 880.26 X9 72.43 1 602.12 153 3 722.37 X10 72.32 1 599.24 158 3 853.95 X11 45.85 902.51 163 3 985.53 X12 69.63 1 528.46 160 3 906.58 X13 89.77 2 058.42 169 4 143.42 均值 67.32 1 337.64 157 3 700.10
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表 5 反向地球化学模拟计算结果表
Table 5. Results of reverse hydrogeochemical simulation
反应路径 方解石 白云石 高岭石 伊利石 钙长石 石膏 岩盐 B1-X1 -7.641×10-1 -3.487×10-3 -7.643×10 -5.214×10-5 3.867×10 7.073×10-5 8.484×10-3 注: 表中“+”表示矿物溶解；“-”表示矿物的沉淀；单位为mmol/kg H2O
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