Identification of Eocene Tectonic Transition and Its Geological Significance of Rift Basins Offshore China: A Case Study in Weixi'nan Sag, Beibu Bay Basin
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摘要: 为明确始新世构造变革事件在中国近海盆地的表现形式和空间展布范围，揭示其动力学成因，以北部湾盆地涠西南凹陷为例，利用最新的地质资料，对始新世构造变革界面进行了精细厘定.结果表明：盆地在始新世中、晚期经历了裂陷作用南北转变、断裂体系转型、地层挠曲变形和沉积-沉降中心迁移等构造转换过程；始新世构造变革的发生与周缘板块重组所诱导的区域应力场南北向转变有密切的动力学成因联系，尤其是与太平洋板块俯冲方向转变和印度-欧亚板块强烈碰撞紧密相关；该构造事件的发生，揭示了中国近海裂陷盆地演化具有统一性与差异性共存、继承性与改造性同在、伸展性和走滑性叠加的特点，其深刻影响了成藏要素的耦合匹配关系，深部优质烃源岩与浅部走滑相关构造的配置决定了油气优势成藏部位.Abstract: In order to identify the expression and spatial distribution of Eocene tectonic transition event in petroliferous basins offshore China, and reveal the geodynamic origin ultimately, based on the new released geological data, investigation on interface was carried out from a case study of Weixi'nan sag. The results show that the basin experienced the rifting change to N-S-directed, transformation of fault system, flexural deformation of strata and the migration of the depocenters. The Eocene tectonic transition is closely related to the stress change due to the reorganization of neighboring plates, especially to the orientation change of Pacific plate subduction and collision of Indian plate and Eurasian plate. The occurrence of this tectonic event reveals the coexistence of consistency and diversity, inheritance and reworked structures, extension and strike-slip deformation. It deeply influences the coupling between different accumulation elements. The configuration of the high-quality source rocks and the shallower strike-slip structures determines the advantageous section of hydrocarbon accumulation.
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图 1 北部湾盆地区域构造位置及北部坳陷构造格局立体显示
Fig. 1. Regional location of the Beibu Bay basin and 3D visualization of the tectonic pattern in Beibu depression
图 2 涠西南凹陷构造格架剖面及地层柱状图
Fig. 2. Tectonic framework in cross section and stratigraphic column of Weixi'nan sag
图 3 涠西南凹陷构造转型界面发育特征
Fig. 3. Characteristics of the tectonic transition boundary of Weixi'nan sag
图 4 北部湾盆地涠西南裂陷期次级断裂体系剖面特征
Fig. 4. Cross section characteristics of minor fault system in Weixinan sag, Beibu Bay basin
图 6 北部湾盆地北部坳陷构造沉降史
井位置见图 1
Fig. 6. Tectonic subsidence history of the Beibu depression, Beibu Bay basin
图 7 北部坳陷裂陷期沉积中心迁移特征
Fig. 7. Migrating feature of the depocenters of Beibu depression during rifting stages
图 8 北部湾盆地北部坳陷断裂成因的构造物理模拟实验
Fig. 8. Analogue modelling of the origin of fault system in Beibu depression, Beibu Bay basin
图 9 北部湾盆地周缘始新世区域构造背景(据Müller et al., 2016)
Fig. 9. Regional tectonics of Eocene Beibu Bay basin and its adjacent area (modified from Müller et al., 2016)
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