Lithological Exploration and Potential in Mixed Siliciclastic-Carbonate Depositional Area of Eastern Pearl River Mouth Basin
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摘要: 珠江口盆地东部在珠江组早期,沿东沙隆起一带发育碎屑岩-碳酸盐混合沉积.混合沉积类型主要包括组分混合和地层混合等,且混合沉积与岩性油气藏关系密切,统计资料表明,94%已发现岩性油气藏都分布于该混合沉积区.区内岩性油气藏储层岩性为碎屑岩,封堵岩性则为泥岩、混积岩或碳酸盐.分析认为,该类型岩性油气藏的有利地质条件包括:陆相湖盆提供的巨量烃源岩、古珠江物源形成的三角洲和深水扇体系作为优质储层、碎屑岩-碳酸盐混积区特有的低含砂率利于岩性圈闭侧向和垂向封堵、晚期构造活动与继承性构造脊利于油气运移保存等.结合勘探实践,认为在混合沉积区开展岩性勘探应以富生烃凹陷作为含油气系统的分析单元,重点寻找不同沉积体系混合沉积区内的碎屑岩砂体.进而将研究区划分为3大含油气系统,并确定4大有利岩性油气聚集带.Abstract: Mixed siliciclastic-carbonate developed around Dongsha massif in early Zhujiang Formation, with the mixing types divided into compositional mixing and strata mixing. The statistic data show that the development of lithological reservoir is closely related with the distribution of mixed-sedimentation area, as 94% of the discovered lithological reservoirs are concentrated in mixed-sedimentation area. Oil and gas are accumulated in sand rocks and sealed by mud rocks or mixed rocks in lithological reservoirs.The key geological factors on lithological reservoir are studied, showing that the formation condition of lithological reservoir was controlled by terrestrial lakes, sand rocks were sourced from paleo-Pearl River, and seal rocks formed in mixed siliciclastic-carbonate sedimentation zone for its low sand ratio as the result of distal provenance, late tectonic activity and inherited structural ridges. Furthermore, integrated with oil accumulation analysis, it is suggested that lithological exploration should be focused on petroliferous sags, and centered on siliciclastic reservoirs in mixed sedimentary zone, on basis of which 3 hydrocarbon-bearing systems and 4 favorable zones are figured out in the study area.
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图 5 惠州凹陷与白云凹陷的典型沉积相分布
a.惠州-东沙隆起区珠江三段均方根振幅属性与沉积相图;黑色实线代表图 6连井剖面位置;b.白云凹陷北坡珠江五段均方根振幅属性与沉积相图
Fig. 5. Typical sedimentary distribution in Huizhou sag and Baiyun sag
图 6 惠州-东沙地区混合沉积层系含砂率及岩石薄片特征
a.惠州凹陷-东沙隆起区珠江四段连井剖面,含砂率从北往南逐渐降低(剖面位置见图 5中黑色实线);b.A井白云质砂岩薄片特征,孔隙度约13.4%,渗透率27×10-3 μm2;c.A井碎屑砂岩孔隙度达27.7%,渗透率可达4 043×10-3 μm2
Fig. 6. Sand ratio and petrographic characters of dolomitic sandstone and siliciclastic sandstone in Huizhou to Dongsha massif
表 1 研究区混合沉积类型及分布
Table 1. Mixed types and their distribution in study area
混合沉积类型 沉积环境 混合沉积成因 规模 层位 发育地区 地层混合 古珠江三角洲前缘,间或叠置碳酸盐台地 相缘混合 层理级 珠江四段早期 惠州凹陷南部-东沙隆起 碳酸盐台地,间或叠置古珠江三角洲前缘 相缘混合 地震级 珠江三段、珠江四段晚期 惠州凹陷南部-东沙隆起 碳酸盐重力流水道切割的扇朵叶 间断混合 地震级 珠江四段早期 白云凹陷北坡 组分混合 富有孔虫等深流 原地混合 \ 珠江四段早期 白云凹陷南坡 -
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