Lower Ordovician Stratigraphic Sequence in Jingshan-Zhongxiang Area at Northern Margin of Yangtze and Regional Correlation
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摘要: 湖北京山-钟祥一带的下奥陶统特征与毗邻的峡东及随南地区存在明显差异，在此开展了岩石地层和生物地层研究对比有助于更好地了解扬子北缘早奥陶世的古地理特征及演化.通过详细的剖面测制和地层对比研究，将钟祥-京山地区下奥陶统自下而上分为娄山关组、温峡口组（新建）、钟祥组（新建）和大湾组.新建的温峡口组以竹叶状灰岩、鲕粒灰岩、生物碎屑灰岩为主，属于台地边缘浅滩-浅水陆棚相沉积.根据温峡口组中所产的腹足、腕足和头足类化石，认为其沉积时代为特马豆克期中-晚期至弗洛期早期.钟祥组为灰色-灰黑色笔石页岩夹薄层粉砂岩及少量生物碎屑灰岩透镜体，产丰富的腕足、三叶虫、海百合茎、笔石、头足类等生物化石，属于深水陆棚区沉积，其地质时代为早奥陶世弗洛期.通过区域地层对比，温峡口组与峡东南津关组、分乡组、红花园组和随南高家湾组底部层位相当，而钟祥组则与峡东大湾组下段的下部和随南高家湾组中-上部可以对比.Abstract: The characteristics of the Lower Ordovician in the Jingshan-Zhongxiang area are significantly different from those in the Three Gorges and southern Suizhou. Therefore, correlation of lithostratigraphy and biostratigraphy between them is helpful to understanding the paleogeograpghy as well as the geological evolution during the Early Ordovician in the northern margin of the Yangtze platform. Based on detailed study on the lithostratigraphy and the fossil assemblage, the Wenxiakou Formation and Zhongxiang Formation of the Lower Ordovician are established. The Wenxiakou Formation consists predominantly of flat pebble limestone, oolitic limestone and bioclastic limestone, which belongs to shoal facies of platform margin to shallow shelf facies. According to the fossils such as gastropods, cephalopods and brachiopods, this formation is confirmed as a deposition from Middle-Late Tremadocian to Early Florian, which is underlain conformably by the Loushanguan Formation. This succession can be correlated to the Nanjinguan Formation, Fenxiang Formation and Honghuayuan Formation in Three Gorges area, and can also be compared with the bottom of Gaojiawan Formation in southern Suizhou area. The Zhongxiang Formation is characterized by grey or dark grey shales with some siltstones and lenticular bioclastic limestone and is assumed to have been deposited in the neritic continental shelf zone. Based on the abundant fossils such as brachiopods, trilobites, crinoid stems, graptolite and cephalopods, this formation is considered to be formed at the age of Floian and has a conformable contact with the Wenxiakou and Dawan formations. It can be compared with the lowest part to Dawan Formation in Three Gorges and the middle-upper part of the Gaojiawan Formation in southern Suizhou, respectively.
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Key words:
- Yangtze block /
- Ordovician /
- Floian /
- Tremadocian /
- Wenxiakou Formation /
- Zhongxiang Formation /
- graptolite /
- stratigraphy
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图 1 湖北钟祥、京山地理位置及地质简图（图a据牛志军等（2017）修改）
1.打鼓石群；2.武当群；3.花山群；4.耀岭河组；5.南华系；6.震旦系；7.寒武系；8.古城畈组；9.奥陶系；10.志留系；11.泥盆系、石炭系、二叠系并层；12.三叠系；13.白垩系、古近系并层；14.更新统；15.全新统；16.古元古代中粗粒（含黑云母）钾长花岗岩；17.古元古代中粒黑云母二长花岗岩；18.志留纪辉绿岩；19.新元古代英碱正长岩；20.新元古代辉绿岩；21.志留纪辉长岩；22.角度不整合；23.断层；24.剖面编号及位置.图b中剖面编号及位置：①长寿温峡口剖面；②京山惠亭山剖面；③东桥雷家冲剖面；④东桥邱家湾剖面；⑤长寿史家湾剖面；⑥杨坡杂岩秦家冲剖面；⑦百人桥剖面；⑧石垸子剖面；⑨古城畈群剖面
Fig. 1. Geological setting and simplified geological map of Zhongxiang and Jingshan area, Hubei Province(Fig. a modified from Niu et al.(2017))
图 2 湖北钟祥温峡口水库西侧奥陶纪温峡口组-宝塔组实测剖面
Fig. 2. Stratigraphic section of the Wenxiakou Formation to Baota Formation at Wenxiakou reservoir, Zhongxiang area
图 3 湖北钟祥温峡口水库西侧奥陶纪温峡口组-宝塔组综合柱状图
Fig. 3. Synthesis columnar section of the Wenxiakou Formation to Baota Formation at Wenxiakou reservoir, Zhongxiang area
图 4 钟祥地区下奥陶统地层野外地质特征
a. 温峡口剖面生物碎屑灰岩（第1层）中的腹足化石；b.温峡口剖面竹叶状灰岩宏观特征（第2层）；c. 温峡口剖面鲕粒灰岩中的角石及腹足化石（第5层）；d. 温峡口剖面钟祥组、大湾组宏观特征及接触关系；e.秦家冲剖面温峡口组与钟祥组接触关系，地层倒转；f. 邱家湾剖面宏观特征（地层倒转）
Fig. 4. Outcrops of the sequence of the Lower Ordovician in Zhongxiang area
图 5 温峡口剖面中典型牙形石化石（图片上线段比例尺长度为0.1 mm）
1~5.Trapezognathus diprion. 1.Pa分子侧视，WXK07/20；2. Pb分子侧视，WXK07/7；3.Sb分子侧视，WXK07/1；4. M分子侧视，WXK07/11；5. Sc分子侧视，WXK07/15.6~10.Baltoniodus cf. B. triangularis. 6. Pb分子侧视，WXK08/10；7. Pb分子侧视，WXK08/27；8. Sc分子侧视，WXK08/1；9.Sc分子侧视，WXK08/11；10.M分子侧视，WXK08/48.11~16.Acodus cf. A. triangularis. 11.M分子侧视，WXK04/26；12.Sc分子侧视，WXK05-38；13.Pb分子侧视，WXK05/41；14. Sa分子侧视，WXK05/21；15.Pa分子侧视，WXK04/5；16.Pa分子侧视，WXK04/3；17.Scolopodus fangcunensis，Sc分子侧视，WXK05/1
Fig. 5. Representive conodonts in Wenxiakou Section(scale bar: 0.1 mm)
图 6 温峡口剖面钟祥组典型化石照片（图片上线段比例尺长度为5 mm）
a. Orthis serica，背内膜，ZB-1；b. Sinorthis typica，背内膜，ZB-26；c. Diorthelasma striata，腹内膜，ZB-31；d. Yinpanolithus yinpanensis，ZT-1；e. Liomegalaspides hupeiensis，ZT-4；f. Taihungshania Shui，ZT-14；g. Didymograptellus bifidus，ZG-91；h. D. minutus，ZG57；i. Azygograptus suecicus，ZG-172；j. A. filiformis，ZG-98；k. A. undulatus，ZG177；l. D. nicholsoni planus，ZG-112；m. Corymbograptus deflexus，ZG-164
Fig. 6. Photographs of typical fossils of Zhongxiang Formation in Wenxiakou Section(scale bar: 5 mm)
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