New Sedimentological and Geochronological Evidence for Mid-Neoproterozoic Rifting in Western Yangtze Block, South China
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摘要: 华南新元古代沉积盆地演化与Rodinia超大陆裂解存在紧密联系，但仍缺乏精细刻画.对扬子西缘澄江组开展了系统的碎屑锆石年代学和沉积学研究.澄江组砂岩的碎屑锆石U-Pb年龄主要为新元古代（870~780 Ma），少数为前新元古代（2 850~1 010 Ma），最显著的峰值为820 Ma，最年轻一组碎屑锆石206Pb/238U年龄加权平均值为804.5±5.4 Ma.结合已发表年龄数据，将澄江组沉积时限进一步限定为800~720 Ma.物源分析揭示澄江组的新元古代碎屑锆石剥蚀自邻近的新元古代岩浆岩，而前新元古代锆石可能来自于邻近新元古代岩体的剥蚀或地层的沉积再循环.扬子西缘新元古代中期沉积盆地具有由冲积扇相逐渐过渡为前扇三角洲相的沉积演化序列，最终形成了具有裂谷充填特征的“楔状地层”.这种沉积超覆演化过程在整个华南新元古代裂谷系普遍存在，指示在800 Ma左右华南全面进入裂谷盆地成熟阶段.Abstract: Although the evolution of the mid-Neoproterozoic basins in South China is closely related to the Rodinia supercontinent breakup, it still lacks fine characterization. In this study, detrital zircon LAICP-MS U-Pb dating and systematic sedimentary analyses were performed on the Chengjiang Formation in the western Yangtze Block. Most of the clastic zircon U-Pb ages in Chengjiang Formation are Neoproterozoic (870-780 Ma), and a few are pre-Neoproterozoic (2 850-1 010 Ma).The most significant peak of U-Pb ages in Chengjiang Formation is 820 Ma, and the youngest age population yields a weighted mean of 804.5±5.4 Ma. Taking into account the available age data, it is suggested that the deposition time of Chengjiang Formation is further limited to 800-720 Ma. The Neoproterozoic detrital zircons of Chengjiang Formation were mainly denuded from neighboring Neoproterozoic magmatic rocks. The pre-Neoproterozoic zircons may come from the denudation of pre-Neoproterozoic pluton or the sedimentary recycling of strata. Mid-Neoproterozoic sedimentary rocks on the western margin of the Yangtze have a sedimentary evolution sequence that is characterized by gradual transitions from alluvial fan facies to anterior fan delta facies, and finally forms a "wedge formation" with rift filling characteristics. The sedimentary overlap process is common throughout the South China rift system, indicating that South China entered the maturity stage of the rift basin at 800 Ma.
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Key words:
- western Yangtze Block /
- zircon age /
- provenance analysis /
- rift basin /
- geochronology /
- sedimentology
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图 1 滇中地区峨山县舍郎地区（a）和晋宁县王家湾地区（b）的地质简图及剖面位置
Fig. 1. Geological map and section location of Shelang area in Eshan County (a) and Wangjiawan area in Jinning County (b) in central Yunnan
图 2 澄江组样品WJW-N1的代表性碎屑锆石CL图
Fig. 2. Typical CL images of detrital zircons for sample WJW-N1 in the Chengjiang Formation
图 3 澄江组样品WJW-N1的碎屑锆石U-Pb年龄谐和图(a)和直方图(b)
Fig. 3. U-Pb concordia diagram (a) and histogram (b) of detrital zircons for sample WJW-N1 in the Chengjiang Formation
图 4 澄江组岩石类型
a.分选磨圆较差的厚块状砾岩，舍郎剖面底部；b.弱定向排列的砾石，舍郎剖面中部；c.发育平行层理的长石岩屑砂岩，王家湾剖面中下部；d.发育水平层理的泥质粉砂岩，王家湾剖面中上部；e.发育小型交错层理的长石石英砂岩，王家湾剖面中上部；f.粉砂质泥岩，王家湾剖面顶部
Fig. 4. Rock types of the Chengjiang Formation
图 5 扬子西缘新元古代澄江组岩性柱状对比图
舍郎剖面及王家湾剖面为本文实测剖面，澄江凤凰山剖面及陆良小井子剖面王剑等(2019)
Fig. 5. Columnar comparison of Chengjiang Formation on the western margin of Yangtze Block
图 6 不同地块碎屑锆石年龄谱对比图
数据来源：印支（Wang et al., 2016）；云开地区（Wang et al., 2007, 2011; Wan et al., 2010; Yu et al., 2010；王磊等，2015; 周雪瑶等，2015）；扬子北缘（Liu et al., 2008）；扬子东南缘（Wang et al., 2006, 2010, 2016）；扬子西缘（Zhou et al., 2002, 2006; Sun et al., 2009; Zhao et al., 2010; Wang et al., 2012）；昆阳群（Sun et al., 2009）
Fig. 6. Comparison of U-Pb age spectra of detrital zircons from different blocks
表 1 研究区澄江组沉积相特征
Table 1. Sedimentary characteristics of Chengjiang Formation in the study area
沉积相 亚相 微相 岩石类型 沉积构造、结构 冲积扇 扇根 主水道 砾石质支撑漂浮砾岩；多级颗粒支撑砾石；砂质支撑漂浮砾岩 块状构造、颗粒支撑，分选较差，杂基含量高，磨圆较差呈棱角-次棱角状 主水道间 紫红色粉砂岩、细砂岩 薄层状、粒度较细 扇中 辫状水道 多级颗粒支撑砾石、含砾砂岩、递变层理砂砾岩、弱定向砾岩 块状构造，平行层理、交错层理、偶见冲刷面.颗粒支撑或杂基支撑，分选较差，杂基含量较高，磨圆较差呈次棱角-次圆状 辫状水道间 粉砂岩、泥质粉砂岩、粉砂质泥岩 水平层理、粒度较细 扇端 无 粉砂岩、细砂岩、泥岩 水平层理 扇三角洲 扇三角洲平原 辫状河道 叠瓦状砾岩、含砾砂岩、不等粒砂岩、中粗粒砂岩 块状构造，正递变粒序、交错层理、颗粒支撑，分选较好，杂基含量稍高，磨圆较好，呈次圆-圆状 辫状河道间 细砂岩、泥质粉砂岩 水平层理、粒度较细 扇三角洲前缘 水下分流河道 中厚层状岩屑砂岩、长石岩屑砂岩常与泥岩互层 平行层理、粒序层理、颗粒支撑，分选较好，杂基含量较低，磨圆好，多呈次圆-圆状 远砂坝 细粒长石岩屑砂岩、粉砂岩 中薄层状、粒度较细 间湾 灰绿色粉砂质泥岩 水平层理、偶见砂纹层理 前扇三角洲 无 灰绿色泥岩或粉砂质泥岩 水平纹层、偶见透镜状层理 
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