Dynamic Features and Causes of Chaoshuidong Siphonal Spring
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摘要: 潮水洞无降雨补给时仍有规律的间歇性流出，是典型的岩溶间歇泉，其流量、水化学动态规律及形成机制缺乏系统的研究.基于长期水文气象观测和水化学测试数据，分析了潮水洞不同时期流量、水温和电导率变化特征以及潮水洞岩溶水系统的水化学特征.潮水洞为多个岩溶水子系统的连接，其动态呈现为雨期和无雨期两个不同特征，且存在多个不稳定周期的间歇出流过程.通过c(Mg2+)/c(Ca2+)比值及水文动态特征辨识出间歇出流的地下水来源为天河板组灰岩含水层，随着过程流量的不断增加，深循环地下水占比最高达97%.结合水文地质条件概化出潮水洞岩溶水系统循环模式，天河板组灰岩含水层内虹吸管道的发育是间歇性动态特征的主要成因.Abstract: The Chaoshuidong Siphonal Spring () is in Yichang City, Hubei Province, which could still regularly intermittently flows out when there is no rain. Systematic research into the flow and hydrochemical dynamics and formation mechanisms of CSS is lacked. Based on long-term hydrological and meteorological observation data and hydrochemical test data, in this paper, it analyzes and summarizes the changes in the flow, water temperature and conductivity of the CSS at different times, and also analyzes the hydrochemical characteristics of the CSS karst water system. The CSS karst water system can be divided into the local water flow system of the Shilongdong Group and the intermediate water flow system of the Tianheban Group, and its dynamic characteristics can be divided into two distinct periods of rain and rain-free periods, which reflects the rapid response of karst water system to rainfall and the control function of karst siphon pipe to the intermediate water flow system of Tianheban Group, respectively.There are many intermittent flow out of multiple unstable cycles during the rain-free period. The source of intermittent discharge groundwater was identified by ion ratio method and the analysis of hydrodynamic features as the Tianheban Group rock aquifer, and with the increasing process flow, the proportion of deep-cycle groundwater reached 97%. Finally, combined with hydrogeological condition analysis, in the paper it summarizes the conceptual pattern map of water circulation in the CSS karst water system, and the development of the siphon pipe inside the gray rock aquifer of the Tianheban Group forms the characteristics of the water circulation during the rain and rain-free periodof the CSS.
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图 1 潮水洞流域概况
a.潮水洞流域水文地质图；b.潮水洞流域剖面图
Fig. 1. Overview of the Chaoshuidong Siphonal Spring (CSS)
图 2 (a) 潮水洞2018-9-20—2018-11-06动态变化特征；(b)潮水洞雨期和无雨期水文动态特征分析; (c) 2018-9-20—2018-11-6潮水洞间歇出流间隔回归分析结果
Fig. 2. (a) Dynamic change characteristics of CSS between September 20th and November 6th, 2018;(b) analysis of hydrodynamic features during the rain and free-rain periods of the CSS; (c) the results of the regression analysis of the intermittent outlet interval of the CSS between September 20th and November 6th, 2018
图 3 潮水河流域主要地下水排泄点离子比值特征
Fig. 3. Ion ratio characteristics of the main groundwater discharge points in the Chaoshuihe basin
图 4 2019年5月2日潮水洞间歇出流过程
a.镁钙比动态变化; b.流量、水温、电导率动态变化
Fig. 4. The intermittent flow of the tidal hole on May 2nd, 2019
图 5 雨期和无雨期流量衰减阶段划分
Fig. 5. The results of the stage of flow attenuation during rain and rain-free period
表 1 潮水洞岩溶水系统样品水化学分类
Table 1. Water chemistry classification of samples of karst water system of CSS
采样点类型 统计 离子(mg/L) TDS (mg/L) 水化学类型 Ca2+ Mg2+ Na++K+ Cl- SO42- HCO3- NO3- 潮水洞基流 平均值 73.74 29.40 3.74 3.62 19.68 279.77 17.77 243.82 HCO3-Ca-Mg 最大值 79.39 34.50 5.08 5.12 20.66 313.39 18.91 290.49 最小值 62.36 23.94 2.92 2.99 18.74 252.67 13.97 160.38 潮水洞间歇流 平均值 80.55 21.59 2.51 2.48 19.27 242.72 17.20 267.49 HCO3-Ca-Mg 最大值 88.92 23.36 2.78 2.72 19.47 246.08 17.42 275.78 最小值 64.28 18.02 2.05 2.34 19.05 239.49 16.99 247.64 天河板含水系统 平均值 96.03 15.22 1.58 2.19 17.75 304.35 10.08 195.18 HCO3-Ca 最大值 134.00 18.50 2.38 5.19 26.54 384.42 13.40 255.39 最小值 84.10 13.80 0.88 1.19 13.28 249.75 1.37 158.20 石龙洞含水系统 平均值 68.30 42.55 1.50 1.42 14.39 340.00 5.35 192.66 HCO3-Ca-Mg 最大值 70.80 44.70 1.54 1.50 14.58 340.00 5.81 192.80 最小值 65.80 40.40 1.46 1.34 14.20 340.00 4.89 192.52 
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表 2 潮水洞雨期和无雨期流量衰减分析结果
Table 2. The results of the analysis of flow attenuation of CSS during rain and rain-free periods
时期 日期（年-月-日） 降雨量P (mm) 第一衰减α1(h) 第二衰减α2(h) 第三衰减α3(h) 第四衰减α4(h) VP(104 m3) VI(104 m3) φ 雨期 2019-3-21 39.5 0.24 0.11 0.089 0.003 7 6.06 11.05 0.55 2019-3-31 21.5 0.18 0.088 0.032 0.004 2 2.07 5.10 0.41 2019-4-9 31.5 0.17 0.049 0.034 0.004 8 6.82 10.99 0.62 2019-5-6 65.5 0.16 0.080 0.026 0.007 5 3.67 5.10 0.72 2019-6-22 57.5 0.17 0.065 0.033 0.003 7 6.62 13.09 0.51 2019-6-28 54.0 0.26 0.059 0.033 0.002 2 6.97 15.96 0.44 2019-8-3 97.5 0.17 0.041 0.016 0.002 1 15.99 26.73 0.60 平均 0.193 0.070 0.038 0.004 0 6.89 12.57 0.55 无雨期 2018-10-9 0 0.12 0.005 2018-10-13 0 0.17 0.007 2019-1-7 0 0.17 0.007 2019-1-10 0 0.18 0.009 2019-6-26 0 0.18 0.007 2019-9-16 0 0.18 0.008 2019-9-21 0 0.20 0.008 平均 0 0.17 0.007
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