Logging Classification and Recognition of Lacustrine Mixed Sedimentary Reservoirs in First and Second Members of Shahejie Formation in Bohai Sea
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摘要: 渤海海域沙一二段广泛发育混积岩储层，岩石种类复杂多样，识别困难.在大量岩心、壁心、薄片和全岩分析标定基础上，结合生产实践，提出成分-结构二级分类的混积岩测井分类方法并系统总结2个大类6个亚类10余种混积岩储层测井响应特征，采用箱型图法优选混积岩成分和结构敏感曲线并确定其区分界限.研究结果表明成分-结构二级分类方法不但利于岩性测井识别而且对储层品质也具有较好的区分效果；中子和光电吸收截面指数对岩石成分识别敏感性较高，而自然伽马、电阻率以及中子对岩石结构识别敏感性较高；建立的成分-结构二级解释流程可实现湖相混积岩储层岩石成分和结构的识别，具有简单、高效、准确的特点.该方法在实践中取的良好的应用效果，为复杂岩性识别及储层评价分类提供了思路，在渤海海域沙一二段及其他地区相似地质背景下湖相混积岩储层岩性识别中具有较好的应用前景.Abstract: Mixed sedimentary reservoirs are widely developed in the first and second members of the Shahejie Formation in Bohai Sea, which is difficult to be identified the complex and diverse rock types. Based on the analysis of a large number of cores, sidewall cores, thin sections and whole rocks analysis, in this paper it systematically summarizes the logging characteristics of more than 10 kinds of mixed sedimentary reservoirs in six subclasses of two major types, and discusses the sensitivity of various conventional logging curves to the "composition" and "structure" of mixed sedimentary reservoir. The results show that the composition-structure two-level classification method not only has a good distinguishing effect on lithology identification but also on the quality of mixed sedimentary reservoir. Neutron and photoelectric absorption cross-section indexes are more sensitive to rock composition identification, while natural gamma, resistivity and neutron are more sensitive to rock structure identification. The logging identification method of mixed sedimentary reservoir based on composition-structure classification is simple, efficient and accurate, and has good application effect in practice. It provides insights into complex lithology identification and reservoir evaluation and classification, and has good application prospects in the lithologic identification of lacustrine migmatite reservoir in the first and second members of Shahejie Formation in Bohai Sea area and other areas under the similar geological background.
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图 1 岩石类型及显微照片
a.Q29-A-5，3 383.32 m, 白云质砂砾岩；b.B29-D-5，2 351.27 m，含生屑表鲕状云质中砂岩；c.Q29-A-5，3 383.17 m，含生屑表鲕状云质砾岩；d.C5-C-3D，3 658.00 m，亮晶粒屑灰岩；e.S36-F-15，2 474.10 m，含陆屑生屑白云岩；f.Q29-A-5，含陆屑生屑表鲕状砂岩；g. B27-B-1，3 775.00 m，云质中-细粒岩屑长石砂岩；h. Q29-A-5，3 395.00 m白云质表鲕状砾岩；i.C5-C-3D，3 658.00 m，亮晶粒屑灰岩，泥晶白云石包壳包裹陆屑，粒间方解石胶结；j. B27-B-1，3 779.00 m，灰质粗粒岩屑长石砂岩; k. Q29-A-4，3 564.50 m，含灰质角砾岩
Fig. 1. Rock types and micrographs
图 2 混积岩储层孔隙度（a）和渗透率特征（b）
Fig. 2. Porosity (a) and permeability (b) characteristics of mixed sedimentary reservoirs
图 3 碳酸盐组分以白云石为主的混积岩储层及测井响应特征
Fig. 3. Mixed sedimentary reservoir with dolomite as dominant carbonate component and log response characteristics
图 4 碳酸盐组分以方解石为主的混积岩储层及测井响应特征
Fig. 4. Mixed sedimentary reservoirs with calcite as dominant carbonate component and log response characteristics
图 5 自然伽马成分分类箱型图(a)和结构分类箱型图(b)
Fig. 5. Natural gamma component classification box diagram(a) and structure classification box diagram(b)
图 6 混积岩成分分类中子-密度交会图(a)、结构分类中子-密度交会图(b)、成分分类中子箱型图(c)和成分分类密度值箱型图(d)
Fig. 6. Mixed sedimentary rock of neutron-density crossplot for component classification (a), neutron-density crossplot for structure classification (b), component classification box diagram using CNCF (c) and component classification box diagram using ZDEN (d)
图 7 电阻率对成分-结构指示作用箱型图
Fig. 7. Box diagrams of resistivity to component-structure indication
图 8 光电吸收截面指数对成分-结构指示作用箱型图
Fig. 8. Photoelectric absorption cross section index for component-structure indicator box diagrams
图 9 声波对成分-结构指示作用箱型图
Fig. 9. Component-structure indicator box diagrams of acoustic wave
图 11 富钙质碎屑岩储层岩性测井识别:以P14-X-1井为例
Fig. 11. Lithologic logging identification of calcareous clastic rock reservoir:taking well PL14-X-1 as an example
图 12 湖相碳酸盐岩储层测井岩性识别：以Q36-X-2井为例
Fig. 12. Log lithology identification of lacustrine carbonate reservoir:taking well Q36-X-2 as an example
表 1 研究区混积岩测井地质学分类
Table 1. Logging geology classification of mixed sedimentary rocks in the research area
岩石成分 岩石结构 粒屑结构
（碳酸盐岩）砂状结构
（砂岩）砂砾状结构
（砂砾岩）泥状结构
（泥岩）云质 粒屑云岩（Ⅰ） 云质砂岩(Ⅲ) 云质砂砾岩(Ⅱ) 云质泥岩 灰质 粒屑灰岩(Ⅵ) 灰质砂岩(Ⅴ) 灰质砂砾岩(Ⅳ) 灰质泥岩 泥质 — 泥质砂岩 泥质砂砾岩 泥岩 
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表 2 渤海海域沙一二段混积岩储层测井响应特征
Table 2. Logging response characteristics of the mixed sedimentary reservoirs of E2s1-2 in Bohai Sea area
岩性 自然伽马 深浅电阻率组合特征 中子与密度组合特征 代表井 粒屑云岩 较低且齿状特征不明显 正差异较大 同向向左 Q36-D-2、J20-E-5 云质砂岩 齿状特征明显，呈钟型或箱型 正差异中等 绞合状 B27-B-1、B27-B-2 云质砂砾岩 相对较高 正差异较小 绞合状 Q29-A-5、B36-W-2 粒屑灰岩 较低且呈平滑箱状特征 重合 同向向右 C5-C-3D、Q36-D-2 灰质砂岩 较低且齿状特征明显 重合到较大 绞合状 P14-X-1、B27-B-1 灰质砂砾岩 相对较高 重合 小的负差异 Q29-A-4
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表 3 常规测井原理、影响因素及其在混积岩成分和结构的指示意义
Table 3. Principle of conventional logging, influencing factors and their indication significance in the composition and structure of mixed sedimentary reservoir
测井曲线 响应机理 影响因素 结构指示意义 成分指示意义 自然伽马 U、Th、K含量 粒度、碱性长石与沉积环境 泥状与砂砾状结构高
粒屑与砂状结构低泥质高，云质和灰质低 密度 康普顿效应 矿物类型与孔隙 灰质高，泥质中，云质低 中子 弹性散射 矿物类型与含氢流体 粒屑云岩同向向左
粒屑灰岩同向向右云质高，泥质中，灰质低 电阻率 电导率 流体类型与岩石结构 泥状和砂砾状结构低
粒屑和砂状结构高光电吸收截面指数 光电效应 矿物类型 泥质低、灰质中，云质高 声波时差 纵波传播速度 骨架密度与孔隙度 灰质低、泥质中、云质高
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