Sedimentary and Diagenetic Characteristics of Lacustrine Fine-Grained Hybrid Rock in Paleogene Formation in Dongying Sag
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摘要: 东营凹陷古近系湖相细粒混合沉积岩相类型、沉积环境和成岩演化等方面有待深入研究，利用岩心观察、薄片、X衍射和碳氧同位素等分析手段，明确了细粒混积岩相类型和沉积成岩特征.研究认为：岩石矿物组分和古生物含量的纵向变化较好地反映了沉积环境的变化和混合沉积成因过程，可作为细粒沉积层序四级界面识别标志.泥晶和亮晶方解石经历过显著的碳氧同位素分馏，证实了混积岩中泥晶方解石主要隶属于与甲烷细菌活动生成生物气有关的碳酸盐，透镜状和纹层状亮晶方解石纹层源自脉体方解石充填微裂缝，微裂缝和方解石脉集中形成于早期次干气-生油阶段.阐述了从生烃增压、微裂缝形成、有机质热演化排出有机酸、溶蚀泥晶方解石、方解石重结晶和脉体形成，直至影响临近砂体胶结作用的整个同生演化过程，对中深层页岩油气成藏研究具有重要指导意义.Abstract: It needs further study on Paleogene lacustrine fine-grained hybrid sedimentary lithofacies type, carbonate isotopic fractionation mechanism and diagenetic evolution in Dongying sag. By core observation, thin section, X-ray diffraction, carbon and oxygen isotopes and other analytical methods, it is considered to be a fine-grained in-situ mixed sedimentary rock, which can be divided into four types of lithofacies:felsic fine-grained hybrid rock and clayey fine-grained hybrid rock, carbonate fine-grained and clayey felsic fine-grained hybrid rock. The analysis of "genetic control layer" shows that the vertical changes of rock mineral composition and paleontological content reflect the supply of source, paleoclimate fluctuation and sedimentary process, which can be used as the identification mark of sequence boundary. Carbon and oxygen isotopic analysis shows that micrite calcite mainly belongs to carbonate related to biogenic gas generated by methane bacteria activity, lenticular and lamellar sparry calcite layers belong to the phenomenon of microcracks being filled by calcite veins, the general buried depth of microcracks and calcite vein formation are the early secondary dry gas generation stage, and sandstone calcite cement is closely related to the generation of mixed vein body. It is further revealed the isotopic fractionation mechanism of micrite and sparry calcite in migmatite, and the whole coevolution process from hydrocarbon generation pressurization, microfracture formation, organic matter thermal evolution to organic acid expulsion, dissolution micrite calcite and calcite recrystallization to calcite vein, which has important guiding significance for the study of shale oil and gas accumulation in middle and deep oil reservoir.
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Key words:
- shale /
- hybrid rock /
- isotopic /
- calcite /
- dolomite /
- coevolution /
- Dongying sag /
- sedimentation
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图 1 东营凹陷重点泥页岩探井位置及地层柱状图
Fig. 1. Location and stratigraphic histogram of shale wells reservoirs in Dongying sag
图 2 东营凹陷泥页岩全岩矿物组成及细粒混积岩岩相划分图(a.Es3下；b.Es4上)
样品分析在中石化页岩油气勘探开发重点实验室（胜利）完成，仪器：D/amx-2500PC型X射线衍射仪，执行标准SY/T 5163-2018，全岩及粘土矿物测定功率18 kW，衍射角20°~157°
Fig. 2. Mineral composition of X-diffraction rock data and lithofacies types of shale in Dongying sag
图 3 东营凹陷泥页岩4种混积岩类型
Fig. 3. Four sedimentary diagenetic types of hybrid rock in Dongying sag
图 4 牛页1井混积岩中矿物组分、古生物含量、孔隙度等综合图
Fig. 4. Comprehensive map of mineral composition, paleontological content and porosity in hybrid rock of Niuye 1 well
图 5 东营凹陷沙河街组混积岩和砂岩中碳酸盐胶结物的碳氧同位素散点图
①区为与甲烷细菌活动生成生物气有关的碳酸盐（封闭区）；②区的碳酸盐与有机质脱羧作用有关（半封闭）；③区为埋藏较浅时与硫酸盐还原作用有关的碳酸盐（开放区）
Fig. 5. Carbon and oxygen isotope scatter plots of carbonate cements in hybrid rock and sandstone of Shahejie Formation, Dongying sag
图 6 牛页1井混积岩中的方解石重结晶特征
a(单偏光)和b（正交偏光）.牛页1-3 297.24 m-似缝合线构造, 滑移双晶表明方解石的充填顺序为顶底面结晶, 脉体轴线为流体通道中心; c(单偏光)和d（正交偏光）.牛页1-3 464.35 m-方解石脉具有典型的亮晶示顶底构造(顶为显微晶方解石, 底部显微晶-泥晶方解石集合体，混杂泥质和有机质); e(单偏光)和f（正交偏光）.牛页1-3 459.65 m-方解石成脉的过程中将沥青质捕获包裹; g(单偏光)和h（正交偏光）.牛页1-3 483.02 m-生物体腔内外结晶差异, 体腔内生长空间充裕，晶型更规则, 晶体更洁净
Fig. 6. Characteristics of recrystallization of calcite in hybrid rock of well Niuye 1
图 7 东营凹陷页岩成岩序列与微观储集空间演化
据文献Mastalerz et al.(2013)、张顺(2018)修改
Fig. 7. Diagenetic sequence and micro reservoir spatial evolution of shale in Dongying sag
表 1 东营凹陷沙三段下亚段-沙四段上亚段纯上次亚段泥页岩岩石类型统计
Table 1. Statistics of shale rock types in Es3下 and Es4上 Formation in Dongying sag
岩石类型分类 具体岩性 沙三段下亚段样品数量及百分比 沙四段上亚段纯上次亚段样品数量及百分比 泥岩 灰质泥岩、含灰质泥岩、泥岩为主，其次为白云质泥岩、含白云质灰质泥岩、含灰质白云质泥岩、粉砂质泥岩、含粉砂质泥岩、含粉砂质灰质泥岩、碳酸盐质泥岩、含碳酸盐质泥岩、含黄铁矿含灰质泥岩等 275(64%) 242(40%) 灰岩 泥质灰岩和含泥质灰岩为主，其次为含白云质泥质灰岩、含泥质含白云质灰岩、粉砂质灰岩、含泥质粉砂质灰岩、含粉砂质泥质灰岩、含砂质泥质灰岩、灰岩、泥质含介屑灰岩、泥质含粒屑灰岩等 126(29%) 307(50%) 白云岩 泥质白云岩、含泥质白云岩、灰质白云岩及含灰质白云岩为主，其次有白云岩、含灰质泥质白云岩、含泥质灰质白云岩、含黄铁矿泥质白云岩等、含黄铁矿粉砂质白云岩、含粉砂质泥质白云岩等 18(4%) 43(7%) 粉砂/砂岩 泥质粉砂岩为主，其次为含白云质泥质粉砂岩、灰质细粉砂岩、泥质细粉砂岩、含泥质含碳酸盐质极细砂岩、含泥质含白云质粉砂岩等 3(1%) 13(2%) 其他 泥质碳酸盐岩为主，个别含泥质碳酸盐岩、煤岩 10(2%) 6(1%) 合计 432 611 
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表 2 牛页1和樊页1井混积岩碳氧同位素数据
Table 2. Carbon and oxygen isotope data of hybrid rock in wells Niuye 1 and Fanye 1
井号 深度(m) 岩性 层段 δ18OPDB(‰) δ13CPDB(‰) Z T1(℃) T2(℃) 方解石类型 NY1 3 331.79 混积岩 Es4上 -8.7 2.6 128.29 86.28 62.02 泥晶方解石 NY1 3 329.30 混积岩 Es4上 -8.8 3.4 129.88 87.64 63.10 泥晶方解石 NY1 3 330.15 混积岩 Es4上 -8.9 2.1 127.17 89.01 64.19 泥晶方解石 NY1 3 316.00 混积岩 Es4上 -8.4 4.3 131.92 82.28 58.86 泥晶方解石 NY1 3 296.06 混积岩 Es4上 -8.6 3.3 129.78 84.93 60.95 泥晶方解石 NY1 3 458.60 混积岩 Es4上 -12.3 4.3 129.98 144.06 109.72 亮晶方解石 NY1 3 414.23 混积岩 Es4上 -12.7 2.8 126.71 151.60 116.14 亮晶方解石 NY1 3 414.56 混积岩 Es4上 -13.2 3.9 128.71 161.34 124.48 亮晶方解石 FY1 3 401.30 混积岩 Es4上 -11.5 3.2 128.13 129.65 97.55 泥晶方解石 FY1 3 401.20 混积岩 Es4上 -11.4 4.8 131.45 127.91 96.09 泥晶方解石 FY1 3 425.93 混积岩 Es4上 -9.6 4.1 130.92 99.02 72.24 泥晶方解石 FY1 3 331.26 混积岩 Es4上 -11.6 3.4 128.49 131.40 99.02 亮晶方解石 FY1 3 412.14 混积岩 Es4上 -5.7 6.5 137.77 51.99 36.13 亮晶方解石 FY1 3 377.05 混积岩 Es4上 -13.0 4.2 129.43 157.40 121.10 亮晶方解石 FY1 3 378.75 混积岩 Es4上 -11.9 3.9 129.36 136.74 103.52 亮晶方解石 注：样品分析在中石化页岩油气勘探开发重点实验室（胜利）完成，仪器为MAT251同位素质谱仪，测试手段和测试条件执行标准为SY/T 5238-2008.测试精度及误差范围碳同位素≤±0.2‰，氧同位素≤±0.3‰.
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