Paleogene Tectonic-Stratigraphic Realms and Sedimentary Sequence in China
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摘要: 古近纪是地球演化进程中最为关键的时段之一，如印度与欧亚板块碰撞和青藏高原初始隆升、太平洋板块向西往欧亚大陆俯冲伴随大规模弧后裂陷、古新世-始新世极热和渐新世初大降温、哺乳动物和被子植物大辐射等，因此，建立中国古近纪构造-地层区划及地层对比格架，是进一步深入研究古近纪时期地球表层岩石圈-水圈-大气圈-生物圈等多圈层耦合演化的基石，意义十分重大.中国古近纪构造-地层区划主要反映古近纪阶段中国范围内的构造-地层的一级和二级单元的划分与各单元内的主要盆地构造背景与分布特征.本次通过对中国古近纪大地构造、沉积盆地(群)、火山岩、隆起带和大型变形构造等的综合研究，共厘定出一级构造-地层单元(大区)10个，二级构造-地层单元27个(区)，包含各类沉积盆地129个.通过对各个地层分区内盆地的盆地类型、构造控制背景、沉积序列及地层接触关系的研究，建立了中国古近纪地层对比格架，并对中国古近纪时期沉积-构造耦合历史进行了系统总结.Abstract: Paleogene is one of the key intervals in the earth history and a critical period of many biotic and geologic events,including the collision between Indian and Eurasian plates as the resultant formation of the Tibetan plateau,the westward subduction of the Pacific plate beneath Eurasian plate and the accompanying large scale back-arc rifting,the Paleocene-Eocene thermal maximum and Eocene-Oligocene climate transition,and rapid radiation of mammals and angiosperms,etc. Thus,it is of great significance to establish the Paleogene tectonic-stratigraphic divisions and stratigraphic correlation framework in China,which is the cornerstone of further study on the coupling evolution of lithosphere,hydrosphere,atmosphere and biosphere of the earth in the Paleogene. Paleogene tectonic-stratigraphic divisions in China mainly reflects the division of the first and second-order tectonic-stratigraphic units and the tectonic background and distribution characteristics of the main basins in each unit. Through the comprehensive study of Paleogene tectonics,sedimentary basins (groups),volcanic rocks,uplifting belts and large deformation structures in China,10 first-order tectonic-stratigraphic units (super-realms) and 27 second-order tectonic-stratigraphic units (realms) are devised,including 129 basins. Through the research of the types of basins in each unit and their characteristics of tectonic settings,sedimentary sequence and stratigraphic contact,the Paleogene stratigraphic correlation framework in China and summarized the sedimentary-tectonic history is established.
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Key words:
- Paleogene /
- tectonic-stratigraphic division /
- stratigraphic correlation /
- sedimentary basin /
- China
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图 1 中国古近纪年代-磁性-生物-化学-气候等综合地层格架与全球地质事件序列
磁性地层据Gradstein et al.(2012);主要生物带据Vandenberghe et al. (2012);Wang et al.(2019);化学地层据Zachos et al.(2001);McArthur et al. (2012);全球海平面变化据Miller et al. (2005);全球底层海水温度变化据Lear et al.(2000);重大生物、气候和地质事件据Feduccia (1995);Zachos et al.(2001);Bosboom et al.(2014);Li et al.(2014);Wang et al.(2014);Ding et al.(2017);Hu et al.(2017);王二七(2017);Wang and Jian(2019)
Fig. 1. Paleogene multidisciplinary stratigraphic correlation in China and global geo-events
图 2 中国古近纪构造-地层分区及盆地分布
1.布尔津断陷盆地；2.塔城压陷盆地；3.伊宁压陷盆地；4.准噶尔压陷盆地；5.三塘湖压陷盆地；6.吐哈压陷盆地；7.焉耆压陷盆地；8.塔里木压陷盆地；9.塔西南海湾；10.黑石北湖含火山压陷盆地；11.那底岗日压陷盆地；12.木孜塔格压陷盆地；13.西可可西里含火山压陷盆地；14.松西压陷盆地；15.鲁玛江东措压陷盆地；16.拜惹布措含火山压陷盆地；17.温泉湖含火山压陷盆地；18.查多岗日含火山压陷盆地；19.强措含火山压陷盆地；20.石坪顶含火山压陷盆地；21.玛尔果茶卡压陷盆地；22.鲸鱼湖含火山压陷盆地；23.多格措仁含火山压陷盆地；24.可可西里压陷盆地；25.唐古拉压陷盆地；26.米提将占木错压陷盆地；27.沱沱河压陷盆地；28.莫云压陷盆地；29.日土压陷盆地；30.扎普压陷盆地；31.丁则压陷盆地；32.改则压陷盆地；33.洞措压陷盆地；34.北双湖断陷盆地；35.尼玛断陷盆地；36.南双湖断陷盆地；37.伦坡拉断坳盆地；38.索县压陷盆地；39.类乌齐北压陷盆地；40.巴干压陷-走滑拉分盆地；41.曲麻莱压陷-走滑拉分盆地；42.杂多压陷-走滑拉分盆地；43.玉树压陷-走滑拉分盆地；44.石渠压陷-走滑拉分盆地；45.囊谦-下拉秀压陷-走滑拉分盆地；46.甘孜-理塘走滑拉分盆地；47.白玉走滑拉分盆地；48.贡觉压陷-走滑拉分盆地；49.丁青走滑拉分盆地；50.八宿走滑拉分盆地；51.左贡走滑拉分盆地；52.芒康走滑拉分盆地；53.乡城走滑拉分盆地；54.兰坪-剑川走滑拉分盆地；55.丽江断陷盆地；56.木里西走滑拉分盆地；57.盐源走滑拉分盆地；58.西昌-攀枝花走滑拉分盆地；59.楚雄断陷盆地；60.大理走滑拉分盆地；61.昌宁走滑拉分盆地；62.保山断陷盆地；63.耿马断陷盆地；64.临沧东断坳盆地；65.思茅走滑拉分盆地；66.昆明断坳盆地；67.马关走滑拉分盆地；68.百色断陷盆地；69.措勤断陷盆地；70.尼玛断陷盆地；71.申扎断陷盆地；72.班戈南断陷盆地；73.当雄断陷盆地；74.大竹卡断陷盆地；75.喜马拉雅残留海；76.甜水海压陷盆地；77.秀河压陷盆地；78.玛多压陷盆地；79.玛曲压陷盆地；80.索尔库里走滑拉分盆地；81.柴达木压陷盆地；82.阿克塞压陷盆地；83.疏勒南山压陷盆地；84.酒泉压陷盆地；85.花海-金塔压陷盆地；86.武威压陷盆地；87.西宁-兰州压陷盆地；88.临夏-定西压陷盆地；89.合作压陷盆地；90.天水压陷盆地；91.雅布赖断陷盆地；92.河套断陷盆地；93.银川断陷盆地；94.宁南断陷盆地；95.渭河断陷盆地；96.宝鸡-南洛走滑拉分盆地；97.周口断陷盆地；98.渤海湾断陷-坳陷盆地；99.合肥断陷盆地；100.二连断陷-坳陷盆地；101.松辽断陷-坳陷盆地；102.成都盆地；103.南襄坳陷盆地；104.江汉-洞庭坳陷盆地；105.鄱阳湖断坳盆地；106.衡阳盆地；107.依兰-伊通走滑拉分盆地；108.三江断坳盆地；109.辽源东走滑拉分盆地；110.虎林断陷盆地；111.胶东断陷盆地；112.宿迁走滑拉分盆地；113.苏北断陷-坳陷盆地；114.芜湖-九江断陷盆地；115.绍兴-金华断陷盆地；116.南雄断陷盆地；117.三水断陷盆地；118.茂名断陷盆地；119.河源断陷盆地；120.文昌断陷盆地；121.北黄海断陷盆地；122.南黄海断陷盆地；123.东海陆架断坳盆地；124.珠江口断坳盆地；125.北部湾断坳盆地；126.莺歌海走滑拉分盆地；127.琼东南断坳盆地；128.台湾东坳陷盆地；129.南海中央海盆
Fig. 2. Paleogene tectonic-stratigraphic realms and sedimentary basins in China
图 3 中国古近纪构造-地层区划与地层格架对比
图中数值表示:[1]郑家坚等, 999;[2]姜高磊等, 2014;[3]张守安，1989;[4]赵政璋等, 2001;[5]Wang et al., 2008;[6]宋博文等, 2019;[7] Wang et al., 2003;[8]云南省地质矿产局, 1996;[9] Wu et al., 2018;[10]Gourbet et al, 2017; [11]Ai et al., 2019;[12]李建国, 2004;[13]Zhou et al., 2004;[14]董月霞等, 2006;[15] Sun et al,. 2014;[16]Hu et al., 2016;[17]Liang et al., 2012;[18]Li. et al., 2005;[19]万晓樵, 1987;[20] Ji et al., 2017;[21]宋春晖, 2006;[22] Fang et al., 2019;[23]Yue et al., 2001;[24]汪啸风和陈孝红, 2005;[25]李云通, 1984;[26]申琪, 2018;[27]徐论勋等，1995;[28] Liu et al., 2020; [29]江苏省地质矿产局, 1997;[30] Dai et al., 2005;[31]王建平，1992;[32]张显球和李茜, 2010;[33] Spurlin et al., 2005;[34]鹿化煜等, 2018;[35]房建军等, 2008;[36]Ji et al, 2008;[37]叶捷等, 2001;[38]Zhang et al., 2014;[39]钟华明等, 2008;[40]马小林, 2012;[41]Zhang et al,. 2004; [42]Wang and Jian, 2019
Fig. 3. Paleogene tectonic-stratigraphic realms and correlation of lithostratigraphc units in China
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