Reservoir Characteristics and Formation Mechanisms of Lacustrine Carbonate and Volcanics Mixing Sediments, Laizhouwan Sag
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摘要: 渤海海域首次在莱州湾凹陷沙河街组发现火山岩-湖相碳酸盐岩混合沉积，其储层成因机理尚不明确.通过铸体薄片、氩离子抛光扫描电镜、背散射、岩心CT扫描等资料，落实了混积岩具有孔隙和裂缝双介质型储集空间.湖相碳酸盐岩沉积时期伴随火山活动间歇性喷发，发育了4种混合沉积方式.火山喷发提供了大量凝灰质组分，为后期流体选择性溶蚀提供良好的物质基础.地层中微松藻化石的发现揭示了混积岩经历过长期暴露地表过程，经受了大气水风化淋滤作用，是优质储层形成的重要因素.区域构造运动在储层中形成大量垂直裂缝和低角度层间水平滑脱缝，在火山热液叠加溶蚀作用下发育热液溶蚀孔洞和沿裂缝溶蚀扩大孔，大大改善了储层物性，形成裂缝-孔隙型优质储层.Abstract: It is the first time to find the mixed deposition of lacustrine carbonate and volcanics in Shahejie Formation, Laizhouwan sag, Bohai Sea area. The genetic mechanism of this kind of reservoir is not clear. By casting thin section, Ar-ion milling scanning electron microscope and core 3D CT scanning data, it is confirmed that the interstitial rock is a double medium storage space of pores and fractures. The lacustrine carbonate sediments were accompanied by intermittent eruptions of volcanic activities during the sedimentary period, and four kinds of mixed sedimentary modes developed. Volcanic eruptions provide a large number of tuff components which provide conditions for fluid selective dissolution. In addition, the fossils of microcodium were found in the strata, indicating that the interstitial rocks had undergone long-term exposure, and the interstitial rocks had undergone atmospheric water weathering and leaching. A large number of vertical fractures and horizontal slippage joints between low angle layers were formed in the reservoir due to tectonic action. The superposition of fractures and dissolution pores forms a fracture-pore reservoir.
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Key words:
- mixd sediment /
- volcanic rock /
- lacustrine carbonate rock /
- reservoir genesis /
- Laizhouwan sag /
- sedimentation
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图 2 垦利A构造沙河街组混积岩岩相组合
Fig. 2. Lithologic association in mixing sediments of Kenli A structure
图 3 垦利A构造混积岩储集空间特征
a.KLA-4井，1 555.81 m，凝灰质发生溶蚀，单偏光；b.KLA-4井，1 567.00 m，藻团粒间方解石溶蚀孔，单偏光；c.KLA-4井，1 556.72 m，灰岩中溶蚀孔洞；d.KLA-4井，1 557.68 m，白云石发生溶蚀，单偏光；e.KLA-4井，1 556.80 m，氩离子抛光扫描电镜下观察的长石经过强烈溶蚀呈骨架状（20 000倍）；f.KLA4井，1 556.76 m，混积岩岩心中裂缝
Fig. 3. Reservoir space characteristics of Kenli A structure
图 4 垦利A构造混积岩储层矿物溶蚀特征
a.KLA-4井，1 555.81 m，凝灰质发生溶蚀，单偏光；b.KLA-4井，1 558.34 m，扫描电镜下可见粒间孔隙中充填大量长石和石英颗粒；c.KLA-4井，1 557.84 m，扫描电镜下可见凝灰质中钠长石沿解理溶蚀；d.KLA-4井，1 556.83 m，扫描电镜下可见凝灰质中钾长石溶蚀形成粒内孔隙；e.KLA-4井，1 555.81 m，云质凝灰质中凝灰质发生溶蚀，而白云石未发生溶蚀，单偏光；f. KLA-4井，1 558.19 m，凝灰质灰岩中凝灰质发生溶蚀，而方解石未发生溶蚀，单偏光
Fig. 4. Characteristics of mineral dissolution in mixing sediments of Kenli A structure
图 5 垦利A构造混积岩中微松藻
a.KLA-4，1 557.71~1 557.80 m，微松藻在岩心中取样位置；b.KLA-4，1 557.72 m，保存完整微松藻化石，单偏光；c.KLA-4，1 557.72 m，内部构造清晰的微松藻化石，单偏光
Fig. 5. Microcodium in mixing sediments of Kenli A structure
图 6 混积岩中大气淡水淋滤成因的高岭石
a.KLA-4，1 557.08 m，扫描电镜下观察到形态不完整的鳞片状高岭石；b.KLA-4，1 557.86 m，扫描电镜下观察到与溶蚀的长石共生形态不完整高岭石
Fig. 6. Kaolinite formed by weathering and leaching of atmospheric water in migmatite
图 7 垦利A构造混积岩中典型热液矿物
a.KLA-4，1 566.88 m，半自形黄铁矿（Py），背散射；b.KLA-4，1 566.88 m，结晶较差黄铁矿集合体（Py），背散射；c.KLA-4，1 566.88 m，裂缝中充填石英，正交光；d.KLA-4，1 566.88 m，扫描电镜下可见裂缝中自形石英（Q）；e.KLA-4，1 566.88 m，方解石（Cal）中磷灰石矿物（Ap），背散射；f.KLA-4，1 552.00 m，扫描电镜下可见晶型完整的粒间高岭石
Fig. 7. Typical hydrothermal minerals in mixed sediments of Kenli A structure
图 8 垦利A构造混积岩中裂缝发育特征
a.KLA-4井，1 557.79 m，高角度裂缝，裂缝中充填有机质荧光显示强；b.KLA-4井，1 558.22 m，层间低角度滑脱缝；c.KLA-4井，1 556.47 m，三维CT扫描提取岩石中孔缝的三维立体数据；d.KLA-4井，1 558.22~1 558.35 m，沿裂缝溶蚀扩大孔，单偏光
Fig. 8. Characteristics of fracture development in mixing sediments of Kenli A structure
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