Sedimentary Environment Evolution and Fossil Taphonomic Implications of Middle Triassic Guanling Formation in Luoping, Yunnan Province
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摘要: 罗平生物群是继二叠纪末全球生物大灭绝后海洋生态系统全面复苏的典型代表.为了更全面地认识罗平生物群产出的沉积环境，通过露头观察、微相分析等方法对云南省罗平县宜石打剖面中三叠统关岭组二段进行了研究，共识别出开阔台地、局限台地（泻湖）、潮坪、台盆、台内滩5种沉积相类型.台内滩的颗粒类型以似球粒、包粒为主，其次为少量鲕粒、生物碎屑，颗粒之间主要为亮晶胶结，局部含少量灰泥，滩体规模较小，指示中等水能量环境，且由下向上具多期发育特征.综合研究表明，中三叠世安尼期Pelsonian亚期早期发生了全球性的海平面上升，导致沉积环境水深迅速增加.研究区沉积相从潮坪相迅速转变为台内盆地相，其相对低能缺氧的环境有利于罗平生物群化石的保存.Abstract: The Luoping Biota is typical of the full recovery of the marine ecosystem after the end-Permian mass extinction. In order to more fully understand the sedimentary environment background of the Luoping Biota, the outcrop observation and microfacies analysis were used to study the sedimentary environment of Member Ⅱ of the Middle Triassic Guanling Formation in the Yishida section of Luoping County, Yunnan Province. Five sedimentary facies types are recognized:open platform, restricted platform (lagoon), tidal flat, intra-platform basin, and intra-platform shoal. Member Ⅱ of the Guanling Formation presents multiple stages of intra-platform shoal. The types of particles in the shoal are mainly composed of peloids and coated particles, followed by a small amount of ooids and biological debris. Intergranular pores are mainly filled with sparry calcite cement and minor carbonate mud. The size of the shoal is small. Based on the results of this study and neighboring areas, it is concluded that there was a large-scaled sea level rise during the Pelsonian substage of the early Anisian, which resulted in a rapid increase in the water depth of the sedimentary environment and the development of intra-platform basins. Its relatively low-energy and anoxic environment facilitates the exceptionally well preservation of the Luoping Biota.
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Key words:
- Luoping Biota /
- Guanling Formation /
- depositional environment /
- fossil /
- Yunnan Province /
- sedimentology
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图 1 研究剖面地理位置(a)及地层序列简图(b)
Fig. 1. Sketch map showing location (a) and stratigraphic sequence of the studied section (b)
图 2 宜石打剖面宏观露头特征
a.生物扰动灰岩（3层）；b.生物介壳灰岩（4层）；c.生物碎屑灰岩（10层）；d.砾屑灰岩（7层）；e.生物碎屑灰岩，含海百合茎、腹足，16层；f.核形石灰岩，核心为腹足化石（黄三角），18层；g.豹斑状灰岩（33层）；h.虾化石碎片（黄三角）（38层）；i.含水平层理泥晶灰岩（38层）；j.含藻叠层白云岩（49层）；k.鸟眼构造（49层）；m.板状交错层理（68层）；n.波状层理（黄三角）、透镜状层理（红三角），64层；l.平行层理（68层）
Fig. 2. The characteristics of outcrops in the Yishida section
图 3 宜石打剖面微相特征
a.生屑似球泥粒灰岩（8层）；b.生屑-包粒颗粒灰岩，生屑包括海百合（黄三角）、包粒（红三角），10层；c.灰泥岩（11层）；d.含砾屑泥粒灰岩（18层）；e.生屑粒泥灰岩，主要生屑为腹足（黄三角），35层；f.球粒泥粒灰岩（24层）；g.纹层状灰泥岩，见微波状纹层（红三角），38层；h.似球粒泥粒灰岩，显示正粒序，42层；i.生屑-似球粒-包粒颗粒灰岩，见似球粒（黄三角）、包粒（红三角）、海百合（粉三角），45层；j.似球粒-包粒-鲕粒颗粒灰岩，见似球粒（红三角）、鲕粒（黄三角），46层；k.生屑砾屑泥粒灰岩，介形壳体（黄三角）定向排列，49层；l.鲕粒颗粒白云岩，鲕粒（黄三角）为白云石交代，50层；m.藻纹层灰岩，藻纹层发育（黄三角），51层；n.含球粒泥灰岩，黄铁矿（黄三角）丰富，63层；o.生屑球粒颗粒灰岩，见生屑(红三角)、球粒（黄三角），68层；p.纹层状细晶白云岩，发育鸟眼构造（黄三角），69层
Fig. 3. The characteristics of microfacies in Yishida section
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