Sedimentary Characteristics, Provenance and Tectonic Significance of the Sanmen Formation in Weihe-Sanmenxia Basin
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摘要: 渭河盆地和三门峡盆地内发育的河湖相三门组沉积，记录了上新世-更新世的盆地沉积历史，对认识区域古环境及盆地演化特征具有重要意义.通过两个盆地三门组地层的沉积相分析和物源重建，发现2.8~2.6 Ma盆地环境发生了明显变化，2.8~2.6 Ma渭河盆地由深湖转为浅湖沉积，水位下降，而三门峡盆地由河流相转为滨浅湖，水位上升.结合前人古地貌重建和区域应力反演结果，认为上新世渭河盆地和三门峡盆地相互独立，早更新世两个盆地才连通，湖水由渭河盆地注入三门峡盆地，形成统一的三门古湖.对比区域构造事件和物源分析结果，认为青藏高原的快速隆升导致秦岭的抬升，可能是盆地及其水系演化的触发动力.Abstract: Sanmen Formation, deposited in Weihe basin and Sanmenxia basin, recorded the regional sedimentary history from Pliocene to Pleistocene. This formation is of great significance to understand regional paleoenvironment and basin evolution. The sedimentary facies analysis and source reconstruction of Sanmen Formation indicated a great environment changes in 2.8-2.6 Ma, Weihe basin changed from deep lake to shallow lake deposition in 2.8-2.6 Ma, with the water level decreasing, while Sanmenxia basin changed from fluvial facies to shore-shallow lake, with the water level rising. Combined with the results of paleogeomorphic reconstruction and regional stress inversion, Weihe basin and Sanmenxia basin were properbably independent with each other in Pliocene. In the Early Pleistocene, these two basins were connected. The water in Weihe basin flow into Sanmenxia basin, forming the Paleo-Sanmen Lake. By comparing the results of regional tectonic events and provenance analysis, it is concluded that the rapid uplift of Tibet Plateau may be the trigger force of the basin and regional drainage evolution.
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Key words:
- Weihe basin /
- Sanmenxia basin /
- Sanmen Formation /
- neotectonics /
- tectonics
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图 1 研究区大地构造图（a）及区域地质背景图（b）
图 1b中剖面或钻孔与编号对应关系如下：1. CH3钻孔；2.宋家北沟剖面；3. W7钻孔；4.武家堡剖面；5.东坡沟剖面；6.望原剖面；7.黄底沟剖面；8.三门村剖面
Fig. 1. Geotectonic map (a) and regional geological background (b) of the study area
图 2 渭河盆地和三门峡盆地不同剖面记录的三门组沉积对比
GPTS引自文献Gradstein et al.(2012); 渭河盆地各剖面的岩性及年代结果引自下列文献:CH3钻孔(于清河等, 1982); 宋家北沟剖面(胡巍等, 1993; Liu et al., 2019); W7钻孔和武家堡(葛同明等, 1991)；三门峡盆地各剖面的岩性及年代结果引自下列文献:东坡沟剖面(曹照垣, 1985); 望原剖面(傅建利, 2009)和黄底沟剖面(王书兵, 1999; Liu et al., 2019)
Fig. 2. Sedimentary correlation of Sanmen Formation recorded in different sections of Weihe basin and Sanmenxia basin
图 3 三门峡盆地三门村剖面沉积学特征及其与黄底沟剖面（Liu et al., 2019）的对比
Fig. 3. Sedimentological characteristics of Sanmencun section and its comparison with Huangdigou section(Liu et al., 2019)
图 4 宋家北沟剖面和黄底沟剖面重矿物(Liu et al., 2019)对比图
Fig. 4. Comparison of heavy minerals in the Songjiabeigou section and Huangdigou section(modified from Liu et al., 2019)
图 5 渭河盆地宋家北沟剖面沉积相特征图（据Liu et al., 2019, 有修改）
Fig. 5. Sedimentological characteristics of Songjiabeigou section in Weihe basin(modified from Liu et al., 2019)
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