Geochronology, Geochemical Characteristics and Significance of High-Mg Rhyolite Rocks in Early Cretaceous in Ritu, Tibet
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摘要: 班公湖-怒江洋晚期的构造演化存在诸多争议.以在西藏日土东新发现的高镁流纹质岩石为研究对象，开展了年代学、地球化学等方面的研究.LA-ICP-MS锆石U-Pb测得样品113.69±0.82 Ma（MSWD=2.7）的谐和年龄，证明其为早白垩世晚期岩浆活动的产物.岩石地球化学分析显示，样品具有富硅（70.27%~75.72%）、高镁（3.50%~4.12%）、高Mg#（82.68~84.79）等特征.稀土元素呈现富集轻稀土、相对亏损重稀土（LaN/YbN=7.00~9.34），存在较为明显的Eu负异常（δEu=0.50~0.65）；富集Th、U，亏损Ba、Sr、P和Ti等元素，微弱的Nb、Ta亏损.在构造环境判别图解上，样品落于陆缘弧区域，表明其形成于大洋岩石圈俯冲的构造背景.研究结果为沙木罗组海相地层的厘定提供了确切的同位素年龄，同时也为探讨班公湖-怒江洋白垩纪时期的构造演化提供了新的依据.Abstract: There are still many controversies about the tectonic evolution of Bangongco-Nujiang suture zone in the late period. In this paper, it presents a study of chronology and geochemistry, taking the newly discovered high magnesium rhyolite in East Ritu of Tibet as the object. The concordance age of 113.69±0.82 Ma (MSWD=2.7) measured by LA-ICP-MS zircon U-Pb indicates that it is the product of magmatic activity in the late Early Cretaceous. The geochemical analyses show that the samples are rich in SiO2 (70.27%-75.72%), MgO (3.50%-4.12%) and Mg# (82.68-84.79). It is relatively enriched in light rare earth elements, and depleted in heavy rare earth elements (LaN/YbN=7.00-9.34), with obvious negative Eu anomalies (δEu=0.50-0.65). The results show enrichment of Th, U, depletion of Ba, Sr, P and Ti, and weak depletion of Nb and Ta. In the diagram of tectonic environment discrimination, the samples are projected in the continental margin arc area, indicating that they were formed in the tectonic background of oceanic lithosphere subduction. This study provides a precise isotopic age to determine the marine strata of Shamulo, and new evidence for further studies on the structural evolution of the Bangongco-Nujiang suture zone in Cretaceous period.
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图 1 研究区地质简图及采样点位置
图a：1.研究区位置；2.一级大地构造单元界线；3.二级构造单元界线；4.三级构造单元界线.图b：1.第四系；2.古近系纳丁错组；3.下白垩统欧利组；4.下白垩统沙木罗组；5.下-中侏罗统木嘎岗日岩群；6.白垩纪蛇绿混杂岩；7.侏罗纪蛇绿混杂岩；8.二叠系龙格组；9.一般界线/角度不整合界线；10.逆断层/性质不明断层；11.南羌塘弧盆系与班公湖-怒江结合带分界线/推测断层；12.同位素采样点位置及编号
Fig. 1. Geological map of the study area and the location of samples
图 3 高镁流纹质岩石锆石CL图像和206Pb/238U年龄测点位置
Fig. 3. CL images and 206Pb/238U age dating spots of zircons from high-Mg rhyolitic rocks
图 4 高镁流纹质岩石LA-ICP-MS锆石U-Pb谐和图（a）和加权平均年龄（b）
Fig. 4. LA-ICP-MS zircon U-Pb concordia diagram(a)and weighted average ages (b) of high-Mg rhyolitic rocks
图 5 SiO2-FeOT/MgO（a）和K2O-SiO2（b）图解
图a据邓晋福等（2010）修改；图b虚线据le Maitre (1984)，阴影带据Rickwood（1989）
Fig. 5. SiO2 -FeOT/MgO diagram (a) and K2O-SiO2 diagram (b)
图 6 球粒陨石标准化稀土元素配分模式(a)和原始地幔标准化微量元素蛛网图(b)
球粒陨石标准化数据引自Taylor and McLennan (1985)；原始地幔标准化数据引自McDonough et al. (1992)
Fig. 6. Chondrite-normalized REE pattern (a) and primitive mantle-normalized trace elements spider diagram (b)
图 7 TAS图解（a）和SiO2-Zr/TiO2图解（b）
图a据le Maitre (1984)；图b据Winchester and Floyd (1977)
Fig. 7. TAS diagram(a)and SiO2-Zr/TiO2 diagram(b)
图 8 源区组成判别图解（a）和Th/Ce-Th/Sm图解（b）
图a据Altherr and Siebel（2002）；图b据Martin（1999）
Fig. 8. Discrimination diagram for magma source(a)and Th/Ce-Th/Sm diagram(b)
图 9 La-La/Sm图解（a）和Rb-Sr图解（b）
图a据Allègre and Minster（1978）；图b据Sami et al.（2018）修改
Fig. 9. La-La/Sm diagram(a)and Rb-Sr diagram(b)
图 10 Rb-(Y+Nb)图解（a）和LaN/YbN-YbN图解（b）
图a据Pearce（1996）；图b据Defant and Drummond（1990）
Fig. 10. Rb-(Y+Nb) diagram(a)and LaN/YbN-YbN diagram(b)
图 11 Th/Yb-Ta/Yb图解(a)和Th/Ta-Yb图解(b)
图a据Pearce(1996); 图b据Defant and Drummond(1990)
Fig. 11. Th/Yb-Ta/Yb diagram (a) and Th/Ta-Yb diagram(b)
表 1 高镁流纹质岩石LA-IPC-MS锆石U-Pb同位素分析结果
Table 1. LA-ICP-MS U-Pb compositions of zircons from high-Mg rhyolitic rocks
测点 Pb U 232Th/ 238U 同位素比值 年龄（Ma） (10-6) 206Pb/ 238U 1σ 207Pb/ 235U 1σ 207Pb/ 206Pb 1σ 208Pb/ 232Th 1σ 206Pb/ 238U 1σ 207Pb/ 235U 1σ 207Pb/ 206Pb 1σ 1 7 415 0.50 0.017 4 1.23 0.123 3 9.85 0.048 5 9.73 0.005 0 6.53 112 1 118 12 123 229 2 14 786 0.51 0.017 9 0.92 0.121 5 5.36 0.049 1 5.27 0.003 9 5.79 115 1 116 6 154 123 3 17 945 0.66 0.017 3 0.88 0.142 6 4.57 0.061 5 4.43 0.004 2 5.26 110 1 135 6 658 95 4 53 2712 0.99 0.018 1 0.82 0.124 0 2.47 0.049 7 2.41 0.003 7 4.72 116 1 119 3 181 56 5 17 942 0.60 0.017 6 0.90 0.128 3 4.38 0.050 3 4.31 0.003 7 4.58 112 1 123 5 210 100 6 17 899 0.43 0.018 0 0.89 0.134 6 6.92 0.052 8 6.86 0.005 5 4.68 115 1 128 9 319 156 7 6 321 0.47 0.018 3 1.38 0.140 1 9.61 0.063 4 9.64 0.003 7 5.73 117 2 133 13 722 205 8 20 1103 0.71 0.017 6 0.88 0.120 6 4.07 0.049 6 4.01 0.003 4 5.14 113 1 116 5 176 93 9 10 494 0.71 0.018 2 1.40 0.129 1 21.12 0.051 4 52.78 0.004 5 5.86 116 2 123 26 257 1 213 10 9 486 0.76 0.018 1 1.09 0.135 2 9.30 0.054 3 9.40 0.004 6 4.54 115 1 129 12 383 211 11 8 434 0.75 0.018 0 1.13 0.116 0 10.59 0.046 6 10.76 0.004 2 4.27 115 1 111 12 31 258 12 6 347 0.55 0.017 8 1.36 0.157 1 10.04 0.061 9 10.38 0.004 3 4.78 114 2 148 15 670 222 13 21 1101 0.57 0.018 3 0.89 0.143 4 3.83 0.056 7 3.76 0.004 7 4.06 117 1 136 5 479 83 14 11 595 0.47 0.018 0 1.07 0.122 4 10.37 0.047 1 10.32 0.005 2 4.62 115 1 117 12 57 246 15 8 439 0.43 0.018 1 1.25 0.123 0 11.06 0.049 3 11.21 0.005 0 5.50 116 1 118 13 164 262 16 7 399 0.48 0.017 9 1.40 0.123 9 13.93 0.050 2 14.49 0.005 7 5.71 114 2 119 17 203 336 17 8 457 0.47 0.017 8 1.18 0.105 2 10.88 0.042 9 11.09 0.004 5 5.58 114 1 102 11 175 276 18 21 1128 0.67 0.017 4 0.88 0.118 6 4.17 0.049 5 4.12 0.004 3 4.44 111 1 114 5 171 96 19 12 742 0.06 0.017 8 1.32 0.127 3 7.28 0.051 7 7.46 0.004 5 4.64 114 2 122 9 274 171 20 8 441 0.46 0.017 5 1.17 0.116 6 10.15 0.048 4 10.17 0.004 6 4.42 112 1 112 11 120 240 21 16 922 0.48 0.017 5 0.91 0.116 3 5.54 0.048 1 5.53 0.004 2 3.65 112 1 112 6 106 131 22 12 634 0.78 0.017 6 1.35 0.118 0 9.07 0.048 7 8.10 0.004 2 3.74 112 2 113 10 135 190 23 9 535 0.45 0.017 8 1.06 0.120 3 8.33 0.049 1 8.36 0.004 0 3.73 114 1 115 10 151 196 24 8 393 0.95 0.017 4 1.23 0.120 7 12.43 0.058 7 13.03 0.004 2 3.43 111 1 116 14 557 284 25 6 340 0.48 0.017 9 1.42 0.132 9 11.61 0.053 7 11.99 0.004 2 4.68 115 2 127 15 360 270 
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表 2 样品主量（%）、微量（10-6）和稀土（10-6）元素测试结果
Table 2. Major elements (%), trace elements (10-6) and REEs (10-6) analytical results of samples
样号 YQ1 YQ2 YQ3 YQ4 YQ5 SiO2 71.21 75.72 72.69 73.63 70.27 TiO2 0.24 0.27 0.29 0.26 0.31 Al2O3 11.04 11.10 12.29 10.58 12.38 Fe2O3 1.04 1.21 1.73 1.30 1.66 FeO 1.01 0.64 0.78 0.82 0.69 MnO 0.08 0.02 0.04 0.03 0.04 MgO 3.92 3.50 4.12 3.57 3.98 CaO 2.08 0.72 1.18 1.51 2.76 Na2O 3.05 2.82 3.23 2.72 3.18 K2O 3.51 2.65 1.59 2.51 2.31 P2O5 0.05 0.06 0.06 0.06 0.07 烧失量 2.66 1.16 1.93 2.96 2.29 合计 99.9 99.87 99.93 99.95 99.94 DI 79.14 82.94 77.12 79.73 73.32 A/CNK 0.876 1.259 1.339 1.065 0.971 SI 31.28 32.43 36.16 32.77 33.83 A.R 3 2.72 2.11 2.52 2.14 σ 1.49 0.91 0.78 0.88 1.09 ALK 6.56 5.47 4.82 5.23 5.49 Mg# 83.14 84.79 83.36 82.68 84.02 La 28.26 33.35 30.94 28.9 35.11 Ce 56.64 69.06 64.96 57.95 68.34 Pr 6.70 7.95 7.67 6.58 7.93 Nd 24.45 29.23 28.47 24.25 29.94 Sm 4.57 4.79 4.72 3.88 5.67 Eu 0.94 1 1.01 0.7 0.89 Gd 4.24 5.1 4.73 4.1 4.97 Tb 0.75 0.75 0.7 0.68 0.73 Dy 4.73 4.04 3.67 3.54 3.93 Ho 0.89 0.8 0.76 0.73 0.84 Er 2.57 2.34 2.05 1.97 2.3 Tm 0.45 0.42 0.4 0.32 0.41 Yb 2.73 2.94 2.35 2.42 2.54 Lu 0.53 0.51 0.47 0.47 0.44 Y 22.15 25.09 21.05 20.72 22.09 ΣREE 138.45 162.28 152.90 136.49 164.04 LREE 121.56 145.38 137.77 122.26 147.88 HREE 16.89 16.90 15.13 14.23 16.16 LR/HR 7.20 8.60 9.11 8.59 9.15 δEu 0.64 0.61 0.65 0.53 0.50 δCe 0.94 0.97 0.97 0.96 0.93 (La/Yb)N 7.00 7.67 8.90 8.07 9.34 (La/Sm)N 3.89 4.38 4.13 4.69 3.9 (Gd/Yb)N 1.26 1.41 1.63 1.37 1.59 Ba 437.7 678 166.1 67.7 92.9 Rb 21.7 30.02 28.79 20.63 22.31 Th 12.18 14.46 15.95 10.4 16.64 K 29 138 21 999 13 199 20 837 19 176 Nb 11.94 16.21 17.01 13.55 18.08 Ta 1.13 1.2 1.26 0.95 1.34 Sr 77 44.1 25.7 29.4 37.1 P 218 262 262 262 305 Zr 168.8 187.5 216.8 178.2 197.1 Hf 5.61 6.12 7.01 5.65 6.44 Ti 1439 1619 1739 1559 1858 Cr 9.1 17.4 18.3 18 18.9 Ni 7.8 6 5.3 7.9 6.4 V 20.8 41.8 47.1 34.8 44.8 U 2.87 3.14 3.43 2.5 3.42 Th/U 4.24 4.61 4.65 4.16 4.87 Nb/Ta 10.6 13.5 13.5 14.3 13.5 La/Ta 25 27.8 24.6 30.4 26.2
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