Multiple Provenance System of Lower Shihezi Formation in Hangjinqi Area, Northern Ordos Basin: Evidence from Mineralogy and Detrital Zircon U-Pb Chronology
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摘要: 鄂尔多斯盆地北部上古生界砂岩碎屑组分、岩屑类型和重矿物组合具有明显的东西分带性，但是其物源来源及差异性尚不明确.利用锆石LA-ICP-MS U-Pb定年方法，对鄂尔多斯盆地北部杭锦旗地区下石盒子组碎屑锆石年龄分布及变化特征进行了研究，明确了不同年龄组分碎屑锆石的来源，并分析了不同物源体系及差异性.结果表明：不同地区下石盒子组碎屑矿物含量存在明显差异，由西向东岩屑含量逐渐增加，石英含量逐渐减小；下石盒子组锆石年龄主要呈现280~340 Ma、400~450 Ma、1 700~2 000 Ma和2 200~2 500 Ma 4个峰值区间段，从东部地区到西部地区，锆石显生宙年龄组分所占比例逐渐增加，且中部、西部地区新出现400~450 Ma的年龄段；对比周源岩体同位素年龄，西部地区物源主要来自于阿拉善地块，东部和中部地区物源主要来自于大青山-乌拉山、阴山和集宁地区，同时中部地区还受到阿拉善地块物源输入的影响；结合下石盒子组砂岩锆石定年结果和碎屑矿物含量、岩屑类型分布特征，认为杭锦旗地区发育多物源体系，并据此将研究区分为西部物源区、中部混合物源区及东北部物源区.Abstract: The detrital mineral contents, debris types and heavy mineral assemblages of Upper Paleozoic sandstone are obviously different from the east to west in the northern Ordos Basin. However, the provenance of sandstone still remains unclear. The distribution and variation characteristics of detrital zircon ages were studied using LA-ICP-MS dating of the detrital zircons from sandstones of Lower Shihezi Formation in the Hangjinqi area, Ordos Basin. The source of detrital zircons of different age components is identified, and difference of provenance system is analyzed. The main conclusions can be drawn as follows. Detrital mineral content of Lower Shihezi Formation is different in different regions, with quartz content decreasing and lithic fragment content increasing from west to east. Detrital zircons of Lower Shihezi Formation yield four peak ages of 280-340 Ma, 400-450 Ma, 1 700-2 000 Ma, and 2 200-2 500 Ma, and the proportion of Phanerozoic age of zircons gradually increases from east to west, with zircons having age range from 400 Ma to 450 Ma only appearing in the western and middle regions. By comparing the isotopic ages for the plutons in and around research areas, the sandstone of Lower Shihezi Formation in the western region mainly sourced from Alxa Block while in the middle and eastern regions mainly sourced from Daqingshan-Wulashan, Yinshan and Jining areas, and the provenance of middle region was also affected by Alax Block. Based on the difference of zircon ages, detrital mineral content and rock fragment component of Lower Shihezi Formation, it is believed that multiple provenance systems exist, which can be divided into western provenance, middle mixture provenance and northeast provenance in the Hangjinqi area.
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图 1 鄂尔多斯盆地及邻区构造简图（a）和鄂尔多斯盆地北部基岩及侵入岩分布（b）
图a修改自谭聪（2019），图b修改自雷开宇等（2017）
Fig. 1. Simplified tectonic map of the Ordos Basin and its adjacent regions (a) and the distribution of plutons in the northern margin of Ordos Basin (b)
图 2 杭锦旗地区下石盒子组砂岩分类
Fig. 2. Sandstone classification of Lower Shihezi Formation in the Hangjinqi area
图 3 杭锦旗地区下石盒子组典型砂岩铸体薄片
a、b.粗粒石英砂岩，锦30井3 559.84 m；c、d.粗粒岩屑石英砂岩，锦107井3 201.67 m；e、f.粗粒岩屑砂岩，锦74井2 711.18 m；g、h.粗粒岩屑砂岩，锦33井2 363.17 m; 图a、c、e、g为单偏光；图b、d、f、h为正交光
Fig. 3. Typical sandstone casting thin sections of Lower Shihezi Formation in the Hangjinqi area
图 4 杭锦旗地区下石盒子组碎屑矿物含量分布
Fig. 4. Distribution of detrital mineral content of the Lower shihezi Formation in the Hangjinqi area
图 5 锆石定年样品井纵向取样位置
Fig. 5. Longitudinal location of zircon dating samples in stratigraphic columns
图 6 杭锦旗地区下石盒子组砂岩样品中部分锆石阴极发光图像
Fig. 6. Cathodoluminescence images of some detrital zircons from sandstone samples in the Hangjinqi area
图 7 杭锦旗地区砂岩碎屑锆石U-Pb年龄与Th/U关系图
Fig. 7. U-Pb ages vs.Th/U diagram of detrital zircon from sandstones in the Hangjinqi area
图 8 下石盒子组砂岩碎屑锆石U-Pb年龄谐和图与U-Pb年龄分布直方图
Fig. 8. U-Pb concordia diagrams and U-Pb age histograms for detrital zircons from sandstones in Lower Shihezi Formation
图 9 杭锦旗地区下石盒子组锆石年龄谱与周源岩体年龄谱对比图（e~k据雷开宇等，2017）
Fig. 9. The contrast of detrital zircon ages from sandstones of Lower Shihezi Formation in the study area and isotope ages of rocks around the Ordos Basin(e-k modified from Lei et al., 2017)
图 10 杭锦旗地区下石盒子组物源方向
Fig. 10. Provenance directions of Lower Shihezi Formation in the Hangjinqi area
表 1 杭锦旗地区碎屑锆石LA-ICP-MS定年样品信息
Table 1. Information of sandstone samples in Hangjinqi area for detrital zircon LA-ICP-MS dating
样品编号 井号 深度（m） 层位 岩性 位置 J30-1 锦30 3 559.84 下石盒子组 粗砂岩 西部 J107-1 锦107 3 191.64 下石盒子组 中砂岩 中部 J33-1 锦33 2 363.97~2 364.09 下石盒子组 粗砂岩 东部（断裂以北） J74-1 锦77 2 706.62~2 706.78 下石盒子组 含砾粗砂岩 东部（断裂以南） 
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表 2 杭锦旗地区碎屑锆石主峰值年龄测点比例
Table 2. The proportion of age peak of detrital zircon from sandstone samples in Hangjinqi area
位置 井号 层位 主峰值年龄测点比例（%） 280~340 Ma 400~450 Ma 1 700~2 100 Ma 2 200~2 500 Ma 西部 锦30 下石盒子组 32.7 21.8 13.9 11.9 中部 锦107 下石盒子组 14.7 0.9 51.4 10.1 东部 锦33 下石盒子组 7.9 0.0 63.4 9.9 锦74 下石盒子组 11.0 0.0 52.0 17.0
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