Sedimentary Evolution and Coastal Currents Variations of the Yangtze River Mouth(East China Sea) since Last Deglaciation
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摘要: 长江口附近的沿岸流和水团变化对研究长江三角洲沉积物的“源-汇”机制具有重要意义.对HZK2孔沉积物的粒度、年龄和有孔虫分布特征进行了研究分析.结果表明：HZK2孔52.5 m以上有孔虫均有分布，底栖有孔虫丰度在12 m以上和26.0~52.5 m含量超过40枚/g，代表不同沿岸流和水团的有孔虫属种含量在垂向上呈现明显的分带性.HZK2孔全新世以来经历了河口湾和水下三角洲两大沉积体系，并在全新世早期发育潮流沙脊.末次冰消期，钻孔所在位置受长江冲淡水和苏北沿岸流共同影响.全新世早期，则受苏北沿岸流影响为主；在此之后，长江口冲淡水的作用减弱，苏北、黄海沿岸流影响较强.全新世中晚期，苏北沿岸流、长江冲淡水、江浙沿岸流和东海外海水团多种水体共同作用钻孔所在海域，全新世晚期长江冲淡水作用占绝对优势.Abstract: The study of coastal currents variations in the Yangtze River mouth has significance for the understanding of riverine sediment 'source to sink' processes in this region. The post-glacial core sediments from the northern Yangtze River mouth, along with sedimentary structures and distributions of grain size and benthic foraminifera, show an estuarine depositional system characterized by tidal sand ridge in Early Holocene and a deltaic system consists of prodelta, delta front slope and delta front. Based on changes in the dominant microfauna species, two main current patterns prevailed in this region during most of the Holocene:one is the Yellow Sea coastal current (YSCC) and the other is the Yangtze dilute water (YDW). in Early Holocene, the YSCC dominated this area and the effect of YDW gradually strengthened. The YDW clearly weakened due to the sea level rise in early Middle Holocene. Then the East China Sea water mass (ESWM) penetrated the area dominated by mixed water mass consists of YDW, YSCC, Zhe-Min coastal current (ZMCC) and Yellow Sea cold water (YSCW), yet the Yangtze plume prevailed due to the rapid seaward migration of the Yangtze mouth.The YDW dominated this area again in Late Holocene.
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Key words:
- last deglaciation /
- Yangtze Estuary /
- sedimentary evolution /
- coastal current /
- foraminifera /
- sedimentology
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图 1 HZK2孔位置及附近海域海流和水深分布
Fig. 1. Study area showing the location of core HZK2 and oceanic circulation and water depth
图 2 HZK2孔晚第四纪地层综合剖面图
Fig. 2. Composite depth profile of the HZK2 core showing dates, lithology, grain size, stratigraphic divisions, foraminifera and interpreted sedimentary facies
图 3 HZK2孔典型沉积相照片
a.潮汐河道（62.3~62.5 m）; b.古土壤（58.7~58.9 m）; c.泥质潮滩（53.5~53.7 m）; d.潮流沙脊（45.5~45.7 m）; e.潮流沙脊（41.1~41.3 m）; f.潮流沙脊（39.5~39.7 m）; g.海侵滞留沉积（29.8~30.0 m）; h.前三角洲（26.0~26.2 m）; i.三角洲前缘（7.9~8.1 m）; j.三角洲前缘（0.8~1.0 m）
Fig. 3. Photos of typical sedimentary facies in HZK2
图 4 HZK2孔晚第四纪主要有孔虫属种分布及分层
Fig. 4. Down-core variations in the benthic and planktonic foraminifera data, including abundance and percentages of main species, in core HZK2
图 5 有孔虫图版
1, 2.中华假圆旋虫Pseudogyroidinasinensis Zheng；3，4.多变假小九字虫Pseudononionellavariabilis Zheng；5, 6.孔缝筛九字虫Cribrononionporisuturalis Zheng；7, 8.江苏小希望虫Elphidiella.kiangsuensis (Ho, Hu et Wang)；9, 10.亚异变筛诺宁虫Cribrononionsubincertum(Asano); 11, 12.缝裂希望虫Elphidium magellanicum Heron⁃Allen et Eerland; 13, 14.异地希望虫Elphidium advenum (Cushman); 15, 16.拉玛克五玦虫Quinqueloculinalamarckianad’Orbigny; 17, 18, 19.优美花朵虫Florilusdecorus (Cushman et McCulloch); 20.大西洋花朵虫Florilusatlanticus(Cushman); 21.奈良小上口虫Epistominellanaraensis (Kuwano); 22, 23.具缘小泡虫Buliminamarginatad'Orbigny; 24.强壮箭头虫Bolivinarobusta Brady; 25, 26, 27.少室卷转虫Ammonia.pauciloculata; 28.塔斯曼星诺宁虫Astrononion tasmanensis Carter；比例尺长度100 μm
Fig. 5. Plate of foraminifer
表 1 HZK2孔AMS 14C测年及校正结果
Table 1. AMS 14C ages of peat and shell samples from core HZK2
钻孔编号 深度(m) 测年材料 δ13C 常规年龄 校正年龄(cal a BP) 实验室编号 (‰) a BP error 2 sigma Prob. HZK2 30.10 贝壳 -1.4 5 760 40 5 900~6 170 1 379324 31.35 贝壳 -0.5 4 890 40 4 845~5 220 1 379325 34.10 贝壳 0.5 5 630 30 5 730~5 990 1 345596 41.60 贝壳 -9.3 10 120 40 11 075~11 210 1 345597 42.70 植物碎屑 -26.7 10 840 50 12 800~12 900 1 345598 51.92 富有机质泥 -23.1 18 670 70 22 415~22 625 1 381436 57.14 植物碎屑 -22.6 23 230 90 27 380~27 615 1 381437 
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表 2 HZK2孔OSL测年结果
Table 2. OSL ages of sediments from core HZK2
实验编号 采样深度(m) U(μg/g) Th(μg/g) K(%) 质量含水量（%） 等效剂量(Gy) 年龄(Ka) 2012A615 6.1 2.07 12.20 1.43 13.0% 1.9 0.5 2012A616 16.0 2.64 15.60 1.98 30.0% 10.1 2.2 2012A617 26.0 2.59 15.50 1.99 40.6% 13.4 3.1 2012A618 29.8 1.91 9.13 1.52 53.4% 18.7 6.8 2012A619 37.5 1.64 8.77 1.46 22.0% 29.8 9.3 2012A620 45.5 1.34 6.81 1.43 22.6% 28.9 10.3 2012A621 53.1 2.59 14.10 1.26 20.1% 113.8 27.2
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