Biostratigraphic Characteristics of Black Graptolite Shale in Wufeng Formation and Longmaxi Formation in Jianshi Area of West Hubei
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摘要: 鄂西建始地区五峰组-龙马溪组黑色页岩发育，尚未建立古生物地层序列.基于建地1井及湘鄂渝地区23个穿越奥陶系和志留系钻井、剖面资料，研究建始地区五峰组-龙马溪组黑色页岩笔石序列，分析湘鄂水下高地演化模式及其对页岩气成藏影响.建地1井从奥陶系Dicellograptus complexus（WF2）带至志留系Stimulograptus sedgwickii（LM8）带，共包含8个笔石带，缺失了Perculpto gr. perculptus（LM1）、Akidograptus ascensus（LM2）和Parakido gr.acuminatus（LM3）三个笔石带，表明建始地区在赫南特期至鲁丹早期处在湘鄂水下高地范围内.受控于全球海平面变化和广西运动双重作用，湘鄂水下高地整体呈现出自凯迪期至鲁丹早期不断隆升、影响范围逐渐扩大，鲁丹中晚期再逐渐回缩的演化模式；在其范围内普遍缺失WF3-LM4部分笔石带富有机质页岩，导致页岩气藏抗构造破坏能力差，勘探风险较大.Abstract: The black shale of Wufeng Formation of Upper Ordovician and Longmaxi Formation of Lower Silurian is developed in Jianshi area of West Hubei, but no paleontological stratigraphic sequence has been established. Based on drill core of Well JD-1, the top and bottom boundaries and black graptolite shale sequences from the Wufeng Formation to the Longmaxi Formation in Jianshi area are studied. The evolution model of Xiang'e underwater highland during the Ordovician-Silurian boundary period and its influence on shale gas exploration are discussed. Well JD-1 occured eight graptolitic biozones between Late Ordovican (Katian) Dicellograptus complexus Zone and Llandovery (Aeronian) Stimulograptus sedgwicki Zone, missing three graptolitic biozones, including the Perculpto gr. perculptus Zone, Akidograptus ascensus Zone and Parakido gr. acuminatus Zone. It is confirmed that Jianshi area was located in the Xiang'e underwater highland during the period from the Hernant to the early Ludan. The Xiang'e underwater highland is developed in the border area of Hubei and Hunan provinces, which is mainly controlled by global sea level change and the Guangxi movement caused by agglomeration and ablation of Gondwana continental glacier, and the overall situation shows that the evolution is constantly rising from the Kaidi to the Early Rhuddanian, the influence scope is gradually expanding, and then gradually shrinks back in the Early-Middle Rhuddanian. The results suggest that the ability of shale gas reservoirs to resist structural damage is weak and the exploration risk is high in Jianshi area, due to the lack of organic-rich shale from WF3 to LM4.
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Key words:
- Well JD-1 /
- Jianshi area /
- Wufeng Formation /
- Longmaxi Formation /
- Xiang'e underwater highland /
- shale gas /
- petroleum geology
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图 2 扬子区五峰组（WF）、龙马溪组（LM）和南江组（N）的笔石带划分
据陈旭等（2015）. WF1为Dicellograptus complanatus带；各笔石带底界的同位素年龄值引自Gradstein et al.（2012）
Fig. 2. Graptolite biozonation of the Wufeng and Longmaxi formations in Yangtze region
图 3 建地1井笔石产出和生物地层划分柱状图
Fig. 3. Graptolites zone division in Longmaxi and Wufeng formations of Well JD-1
图 4 建地1井典型笔石化石图版
a. Rectograptus abbreviatus（Elles and Wood）, 1 777.7 m; b. Normalograptus extraordinarius（Sobolevskaya）, 1 772.9 m; c. Anticostia sp., 1 772.5 m; d. Normalograptusex gr. angustus（Perner）, 1 774.9 m; e.Rectograptus cf. socialis（Lapworth）; f. Climacograptus tatianae Keller, 1 778.5 m; g. Monograptus gemmatus（Barrande）, 1 763.1 m; h.Huttagraptus praestrachani（Hutt and Rickards）, 1 771.3 m; i. Rastrites longispinus（Perner）, 1 770.3 m; j. Appendispinograptus supernus（Elles and Wood）, 1 775.9 m; k.Appendispinograptus supernus（Elles and Wood）, 1 777.5 m; l. Normalograptus sp., 1 773.1 m; m. Normalograptus biformis（Wang）, 1 769.1 m; n. Coronograptus gregarius（Lapworth）, 1 770.1 m; o. Rectograptus cf. socialis（Lapworth）, 1 778.95 m; p.Stimulograptus cf. sedgwickii（Portlock）, 1 761.9 m; q.Pribylograptus incommodus（Tornquist）, 1 765.1 m
Fig. 4. Typical graptolite fossils of Well JD-1
图 5 湘鄂西地区地质剖面与钻井五峰组和龙马溪组页岩笔石序列对比
黄色代表地层缺失
Fig. 5. Comparison of shale graptolite sequence in Wufeng and Longmaxi formations of outcrop sections and wells in the western region of Hubei and Hunan provinces
图 6 奥陶-志留纪之交湘鄂水下高地的范围
据陈旭等（2018）修编. 剖面点：1.湖北巴东沿渡河; 2.湖北恩施太阳河; 3.湖北巴东思阳桥; 4.湖北秭归新滩; 5.湖北宜昌黄花场; 6.湖北宜昌王家湾; 7.湖北长阳大堰; 8.五峰小河村; 9.湖北五峰沙子垭; 10.湖北宜都潘家湾; 11. 湖北五峰石灰厂; 12.湖北五峰桥河; 13.湖北五峰湾潭; 14.湖北五峰卸甲坪; 15.湖南石门龙池河; 16.湖北荆州西斋; 17.湖北鹤峰官屋; 18.湖北宣恩高罗; 19.湖北来凤三堡岭; 20.湖北咸丰干河沟; 21.湖南张家界温塘; 22.湖南慈利二坊坪; 23.湖南常德九溪.剖面点化石资料2、3、18、19樊隽轩等（2012），7、8、9、10、11、12、13、17王怿等（2013），4、5、6、14、15、16、20、21、22、23陈旭等（2018）. S. 志留纪；O. 奥陶纪
Fig. 6. The range of Xiang'e underwater highland from Ordovician to Silurian
图 7 鄂西-渝东地区五峰-龙马溪组连井对比剖面
Fig. 7. Profile of Wufeng Formation-Longmaxi Formation in West Hubei and East Chongqing
表 1 湘鄂西地区五峰-龙马溪组地层发育特征与页岩气显示情况
Table 1. Stratigraphic characteristics and shale gas display in Wufeng and Longmaxi formations in the western region of Hunan and Hubei provinces
序号 井名 构造类型 地层发育特征 底界埋深
（m）TOC≥2.0%页岩
厚度（m）页岩气显示情况 1 鄂宜页2井 单斜构造 WF2-LM4带发育完整 2 722.0 21.0 水平井日产气量3.15×104 m3 2 咸地2井 残留向斜 WF2-LM4带发育完整 1 520.0 28.0 现场解吸含气量最高3.50 m3/t，平均2.56 m3/t 3 鄂秭页1井 单斜构造 WF2-LM4带发育完整 2 060.0 20.4 现场解吸含气量最高4.20 m3/t，平均3.00 m3/t 4 桑页1井 单斜构造 缺失WF4-LM4带 1 595.0 12.0 现场解吸含气量平均0.10 m3/t 5 建地1井 背斜 缺失LM1-LM3带 1 782.3 24.5 现场解吸含气量最高0.92 m3/t 6 河页1井 背斜 缺失WF4-LM4带 2 165.0 12.6 测井解释含气量最高1.40 m3/t 7 来地1井 残留向斜 缺失WF3-LM3带 948.0 18.0 现场解吸含气量最高1.72 m3/t 8 湘龙地1井 残留向斜 缺失WF3-LM3带 1 504.0 11.0 现场解吸含气量平均0.43 m3/t 9 永页1井 残留向斜 缺失WF4-LM3带 532.0 19.0 现场解吸含气量最高0.59 m3/t 
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