Diagenetic Characteristics and Porosity Evolution of Low Permeability Sandstone Reservoir in Zhuhai Formation, Wenchang A Sag
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摘要: 基于薄片鉴定分析、扫描电镜、物性分析、X射线衍射分析、碳酸盐碳氧同位素分析等实验手段, 研究文昌A凹陷珠海组低渗砂岩储层岩石学特征和成岩作用特征, 通过定量化分析, 评价压实、胶结、溶蚀作用对储层孔隙演化的影响, 实现成岩相预测及储层分类评价.结果表明：（1）研究区珠三南断裂带以岩屑砂岩和长石岩屑砂岩为主, 中、粗砂岩含量高; 6号断裂带以长石岩屑砂岩和岩屑石英砂岩为主, 细砂岩含量高.储集空间以次生溶孔为主, 物性变化大, 纵向及平面均表现出明显的分带性.（2）机械压实造成珠海组原生粒间孔隙大量丧失; 含铁碳酸盐、自生伊利石、硅质胶结等使粒间孔进一步减少, 早期绿泥石则能抑制石英次生加大; 溶蚀作用使深部储层物性得以改善, 研究区珠海组发育两个次生溶蚀带.成岩相预测结果表明, 发育厚层粗粒级砂岩的水下分流河道是研究区的有利储集相带.（3）通过孔隙演化定量分析, 认为成岩作用对粗粒砂岩和细-中粒砂岩的孔隙度演化的影响具有差异性.Abstract: Petrology and diagenesis of low permeability sandstone reservoirs in Zhuhai Formation were studied by means of thin sections identification, scanning electron microscopy (SEM), physical property, X-ray diffraction (XRD) analysis and carbon and oxygen isotope. The research of Wenchang A sag, Zhuhai Group of low permeability sandstone reservoir petrology characteristics and characteristics of diagenesis and the quantitative analysis was carried out on the rock strength, compaction, cementation, dissolution, the impact on the reservoir pore evolution. Quantitative analysis of diagenetic strength was carried out to evaluate the effects of compaction, cementation and dissolution on reservoir pore evolution. The results show as follows. (1) The Zhu-3 south fault zone is mainly composed of lithic sandstone and feldspar lithic sandstone with high content of medium and coarse sandstone. However the 6th fault zone is mainly feldspar lithic sandstone and lithic quartz sandstone with high fine sandstone content. The storage space is dominated by secondary dissolution pores, and the physical properties change greatly and show obvious zonation in both longitudinal and plane. (2) Mechanical compaction caused a large number of loss of primary intergranular pores in Zhuhai Formation. Iron-bearing carbonate, authigenic illite and siliceous cement further reduced the intergranular pores, while early chlorite inhibited quartz overgrowth. The dissolution improves the physical properties of deep reservoirs and two secondary dissolution zones developed in the Zhuhai Formation. According to the diagenetic facies prediction, the subaqueous distributary channel with thick layers, coarse-grained sandstones is a high-quality reservoir development zone in the study area.(3) Through quantitative analysis of porosity evolution, it is concluded that diagenesis has different effects on the porosity evolution of coarse and fine-medium grained sandstones.
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Key words:
- low permeability sandstone /
- diagenesis /
- diagenetic facies /
- porosity evolution /
- petroleum geology
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图 1 文昌凹陷构造单元划分(a)及地层系统(b)
Fig. 1. Structural units (a) and stratum system (b) of Wenchang depression
图 2 文昌A凹陷珠海组储层碎屑结构统计特征
Fig. 2. Reservoir clastic structure characteristics of Zhuhai Formation in Wenchang A sag
图 4 文昌A凹陷珠海组砂岩孔、渗分布特征
Fig. 4. Porosity and permeability distribution of sandstones in Wenchang A sag
图 5 文昌A凹陷珠海组储层储集空间类型
a.WC9-2-1井, 3 668.30 m, 长石溶孔, 粒内缝(箭头所示), ×50(-); b.WC9-2-1井, 3 787.40 m, 长石溶孔, ×25(-); c.WC10-2-1井, 3 341.70 m, 长石溶孔, ×50(-); d.WC10-3-1井, 3 333.70 m, 生物壳溶孔, ×50(-); e.WC14-3-1井, 2 247.59 m, 粒间孔、有孔虫体腔孔, ×200(-); f.WC10-3-1井, 3 761.75 m, 粒间孔, 颗粒表面附着片状绿泥石(SEM)
Fig. 5. Storage space types of Zhuhai Formation in Wenchang A sag
图 6 文昌A凹陷珠海组压实作用特征
a.WC9-2-1井, 3 667.10 m, 凹凸-线接触, 云母弯曲变形, ×100(-); b.WC9-2-3井, 3 787.40 m, 线接触, 颗粒破裂发育粒内缝, ×50(-); c.WC14-3-1井, 2 385.6 m, 基质充填, ×50(-); d.WC9-3-1井, 3 829 m, 云母等变形、海绿石化, ×100(-); e.WC9-2-3井, 3 994.20 m, 碎屑颗粒凹凸接触, ×50(-); f.WC9-2-1井, 3 668.16 m, 碎屑颗粒凹凸接触, 石英次生加大, ×500(+)
Fig. 6. Compaction characteristics of Zhuhai Formation in Wenchang A sag
图 7 文昌A凹陷珠海组胶结作用特征
a.WC9-2-1井, 3 201.70 m, 白云石胶结、交代碎屑颗粒, ×100(-); b.WC10-3-1井, 3 340.93 m, 橘黄色方解石、橘红色含铁方解石充填孔隙, ×50(CL); c.WC10-3-1井, 3 366 m, 含铁方解石基底式胶结, ×100(-); d.WC9-3-1井, 3 852 m, 薄膜状菱铁矿环边, ×200(+); e.WC9-3-1井, 3 852.0 m, 多期次石英次生加大, ×50(+); f.WC11-2E-1井, 3 082.7 m, 丝片状伊利石充填粒间孔隙, ×1630(SEM); g.WC9-2-3井, 3 991.00 m, 颗粒边缘绿泥石膜, ×400(-); h.WC11-2E-1井, 3 339.8 m, 粒表针状绿泥石, ×800(SEM); i.WC10-3-1井, 3 333.80 m, 绒球状绿泥石填充孔隙, ×2080(SEM)
Fig. 7. Characteristics of cementations in Zhuhai Formation of Wenchang A sag
图 8 文昌A凹陷碳酸盐胶结物碳氧同位素相关性
Fig. 8. Carbon and oxygen isotope correlation of carbonate cement of Wenchang A sag
图 9 砂岩储层有机-无机反应与次生孔隙成岩综合图
Ⅰ.生物成气带; Ⅱ.热流体强化生烃带; Ⅲ.主成油Ⅰ带; Ⅳ.主成油Ⅱ带; Ⅴ.深层成气带; 据Surdam et al.(1989)
Fig. 9. Organic-inorganic reactions and secondary pore diagenesis in sandstone reservoirs
图 10 文昌A凹陷珠海组成岩相微观特征
a.弱压实相, WC14-3-1井, 2 245.61 m, ×100(-); b.中等压实中-强溶蚀相, WC9-2-3井, 3 787.40 m, ×25(-); c.中等压实中-强溶蚀相, WC10-2-1井, 3 687.22 m, ×150(SEM); d.强压实强溶蚀相, WC9-2-3井, 3 994.20 m, ×50(-); e.压实-充填相, WC14-3-1井, 2 250.11 m, ×50(-); f.碳酸盐致密胶结相, WC10-3-1井, 3 340.93 m, ×100(CL)
Fig. 10. Microscopic characteristics of diagenetic facies in Zhuhai Formation, Wenchang A sag
图 11 文昌A凹陷珠海组成岩相交会图
Fig. 11. Crossplots for diagenetic facies in Zhuhai Formation, Wenchang A sag
图 12 文昌A凹陷珠海组成岩相平面分布
Ⅰ类.弱压实相; Ⅱ类.中等压实中-强溶蚀相; Ⅲ类.强压实强溶蚀相; Ⅳ类.压实充填相+碳酸盐致密胶结相
Fig. 12. Horizontal distribution of diagenetic facies in Zhuhai Formation, Wenchang A sag
图 13 文昌A凹陷珠海组储层综合分析图
Fig. 13. Reservoir analysis of Zhuhai Formation in Wenchang A sag
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