Geochemistry of Basalt and Andesitic Porphyrite in Longbaesang Area, Tibet: Implications for the Tectonic Evolution of the Bangonghu-Nujiang Ocean
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摘要: 狮泉河-永珠-嘉黎蛇绿混杂岩带的构造属性及其与班公湖-怒江缝合带演化的关系，是了解班公湖-怒江洋中生代构造演化的关键.对隆巴俄桑地区的玄武岩和安山玢岩脉开展了岩石地球化学研究.结果表明，玄武岩属拉斑玄武岩系列，富集LREE和大离子亲石元素Rb、Ba、K、Sr、Pb等，亏损高场强元素Nb、Ta、Ti，与岛弧拉斑玄武岩特征一致.安山玢岩脉属拉斑玄武岩系列，有向钙碱系列演化的趋势，富集大离子亲石元素Rb、Ba、K、Sr、Pb、U等，亏损高场强元素Nb、Ta，显示岛弧成因岩浆岩地球化学特征，低ΣREE（11.8×10-6~13.8×10-6），（La/Yb）N=0.37~0.43，亏损LREE，与N-MORB相似，具有岛弧岩浆岩（IAB）和正常洋中脊玄武岩（N-MORB）双重特征，与不成熟的弧后盆地玄武岩（BABB）特征一致.综合区域地质资料认为，隆巴俄桑玄武岩和安山玢岩形成的构造环境均与俯冲相关，可能分别形成于班公湖-怒江洋壳南向俯冲消减相关的洋内或者活动大陆边缘的岛弧环境和不成熟的弧后盆地环境，是中侏罗至早白垩世期间班公湖-怒江洋壳南向俯冲消减的再循环的产物.Abstract: The tectonic nature of Shiquanhe-Yongzhu-Jiali ophiolitic mélange zone andits relationship to the Bangonghu-Nujiang suture zone are key to understanding the Mesozoic tectonic evolution of the Bangonghu-Nujiang Ocean. Geochemistry of basalt and andesitic porphyrite in Longbaesang area are reported in this paper. The results show that the basalt are tholeiitic rocks,and enriched in light rare earth elements and large ion lithophile elements (Rb、Ba、K、Sr、Pb),and depleted Nb,Ta,Ti. All of the geochemistry characteristics of the basalt rocks are the same as typical of island arc tholeiite.The andesitic porphyrite are tholeiitic rocks,which has the trend of evolution to calc alkaline rocks,enriched large ion lithophile elements (Rb、Ba、K、Sr、Pb、U),depleted Nb,Ta,clearly displaying compositional characteristics of island-arc volcanic rocks. Additionally,the compositional characteristics of lower ΣREE (11.8×10-6-13.8×10-6)、(La/Yb)N(0.37-0.43) and depleted in light rare earth elements,which are also Similar to normal mid-ocean ridge basalt,Therefore,the andesitic porphyrite may be formed in a immature back-arc basin. Combined with the regional geological data,the tectonic environment of the basalts and andesitic porphyrites both are related to subduction,which respectively,may be formed in the oceanic or the active continental margin of island arc environment and the immature back-arc basin environment,related to the South subduction of Bangonghu-Nujiang ocean crust,which are record the recycling of the Southern subducted Bangonghu-Nujiang oceanic crust during the late Jurassic to the early Cretaceous.
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图 1 昂龙岗日地区地质简图
a.青藏高原构造单元划分（JSSZ.金沙江缝合带；LSSZ.龙木错-双湖缝合带；BNSZ.班公湖-怒江缝合带；SNMZ.狮泉河-纳木错蛇绿混杂岩带；LMF.洛巴堆-米拉山断裂带；IYZSZ.印度河-雅鲁藏布缝合带；据Zhu et al., 2013修改）；b.研究区地质图（据1:25万革吉幅地质图、1:25万狮泉河幅地质图修改）
Fig. 1. Simplified geological map in the Anglonggangri region
图 3 隆巴俄桑火山岩样品野外露头及镜下照片
a.斑状玄武岩火山角砾岩筒；b.安山玢岩；c.玄武质火山角砾岩火山角砾结构；d.安山玢岩斑状结构；Ep.绿帘石；vb(β).玄武质火山角砾；Cel.绿鳞石；Pl.斜长石；Cal.方解石；Tr+Act.透闪石和阳起石集合体（次闪石化，保留辉石假象）
Fig. 3. Field and petrogranphic photographs of the Longbaesang volcanic rocks
图 4 隆巴俄桑玄武岩和安山玢岩TAS(a)及SiO2-FeO*/MgO(b)图解
据Le Maitre（1989）；Miyashiro（1974）
Fig. 4. Total alkalis–silica (a) and SiO2⁃K2O(b) diagrams of the Longbaesang basalt and andesitic porphyrite
图 5 隆巴俄桑玄武岩和安山玢岩球粒陨石标准化稀土元素配分曲线图(a)及原始地幔标准化微量元素蛛网图(b)
a.标准化值据Boynton(1984)；b.标准化值据Sun and McDonough(1989)；OIB. E-type MORB、N-type MORB数据引自Sun and McDonough(1989)，IAB数据为平均值杨婧等(2016a)
Fig. 5. Chondrite-normalized REE patterns (a) and primitive mantle-normalized trace element spider diagrams (a) of the Longbaesang basalt and andesitic porphyrite
图 7 隆巴俄桑玄武岩和安山玢岩脉的Ba/La-La/Yb图解
Fig. 7. Ba/La-La/Yb diagram of the Longbaesang basalt and andesitic porphyrite
图 8 火山岩构造判别图解
a. V⁃Ti/1 000图解；b. Th/Yb-Nb/Yb图解(Pearce, 1982)；c. Ti/100⁃Zr⁃Sr/2图解(Pearce and Cann, 1973)；d. Hf/3⁃Th⁃Nb/16图解(Wood, 1980)；SHO.橄榄安粗岩系；CA.钙碱系列；TH.拉斑系列；CAB.活动陆缘玄武岩；IAT.岛弧拉斑玄武岩；IAB.岛弧玄武岩；OFB.扩张板块边缘的玄武岩；N⁃MORB. N型洋中脊玄武岩；E⁃MORB.富集型洋中脊玄武岩；WPT.板内拉斑玄武岩；WPAB.板内碱性玄武岩
Fig. 8. Tectonic setting discrimination diagrams of the volcanic rocks
表 1 隆巴俄桑玄武岩和安山玢岩全岩地球化学数据（主量元素：%；微量元素：10-6）
Table 1. Bulk-rock major(%), trace elements(10-6) of the Longbaesang porphyry basalt and andesitic porphyrite
样品编号 PM9ZH9 PM9ZH10 PM9ZH11 PM9ZH12 PM9ZH14 PM9ZH16 PM9ZH13 PM9ZH15 样品名称 玄武岩 玄武岩 玄武岩 玄武岩 玄武岩 玄武岩 安山玢岩 安山玢岩 SiO2 52.1 51.9 52.3 52.3 48.9 51.9 58.4 55.8 TiO2 0.71 0.74 0.83 0.78 0.81 0.73 0.50 0.35 Al2O3 15.3 15.6 14.9 15.8 14.6 16.0 14.0 13.1 TFe2O3 10.8 10.7 10.9 11.4 11.8 10.9 9.87 9.66 FeO 7.33 7.45 5.76 5.41 7.54 7.79 6.84 7.37 MnO 0.18 0.17 0.16 0.10 0.16 0.17 0.12 0.13 MgO 6.28 6.34 3.78 2.80 4.52 6.18 4.41 4.81 CaO 5.71 5.35 4.93 4.90 5.64 4.44 5.15 5.27 Na2O 4.01 3.94 4.09 4.67 4.34 4.29 3.93 2.50 K2O 1.72 1.78 1.18 1.70 0.63 1.54 0.20 0.90 P2O5 0.21 0.21 0.27 0.22 0.26 0.21 0.02 0.02 LOI 1000 2.95 2.88 6.49 5.18 7.77 3.31 3.26 7.35 Total 100 99.7 99.8 99.8 99.5 99.6 99.8 99.9 Mg# 53.6 54.0 40.7 32.7 43.1 53.0 47.0 49.7 Be 0.5 0.5 0.7 0.5 < 0.5 0.5 < 0.5 < 0.5 Cu 155 154 131 280 161 178 121 164 Zn 79 79 95 80 111 85 79 78 Ga 17.6 19.6 17.6 19.4 16.7 17.9 13.5 12.6 Sc 25 27 23 24 26 28 39 39 V 316 329 341 369 334 339 359 295 Cr 90 90 19 4 17 106 16 9 Co 29 31 24 23 30 31 14 25 Ni 46 47 17 12 19 50 12 9 Rb 26.2 29.7 31.7 50.6 15.4 23.2 2.9 25.3 Sr 298 333 332 310 197 316 125 80.3 Y 17.9 19.8 21.6 18.9 22.1 18.9 12.4 9.9 Zr 62 72 77 70 73 64 15 12 Nb 1.8 2.0 2.0 1.9 1.9 1.8 0.3 0.3 Ba 421 469 273 477 132 481 33.5 61.7 Cs 0.84 1.18 3.25 3.43 1.09 0.78 0.21 1.32 La 14.7 15.5 18.3 16.0 16.3 15.1 0.8 0.8 Ce 26.5 28.3 32.3 29.4 29.7 27.3 1.9 1.7 Pr 3.60 3.89 4.41 4.06 4.10 3.76 0.33 0.28 Nd 14.7 16.1 18.0 16.9 16.9 15.8 1.8 1.5 Sm 3.41 3.77 4.09 3.85 4.03 3.60 0.86 0.67 Eu 1.10 1.13 1.24 1.24 1.18 1.11 0.36 0.27 Gd 3.47 3.73 4.02 3.85 3.98 3.57 1.49 1.23 Tb 0.51 0.60 0.59 0.57 0.62 0.58 0.31 0.26 Dy 3.23 3.59 3.86 3.50 3.78 3.50 2.08 1.72 Ho 0.64 0.71 0.76 0.71 0.78 0.69 0.46 0.36 Er 1.87 2.14 2.23 2.07 2.37 2.02 1.37 1.24 Tm 0.30 0.34 0.36 0.32 0.36 0.32 0.23 0.20 Yb 1.98 2.31 2.46 2.10 2.52 2.12 1.56 1.33 Lu 0.31 0.34 0.38 0.32 0.40 0.33 0.24 0.20 Hf 1.8 1.9 2.1 2.0 2.0 1.8 0.6 0.5 Ta 0.1 0.1 0.1 0.1 0.1 0.1 < 0.1 < 0.1 Pb 2 2 4 3 4 2 2 < 2 Th 2.71 3.02 3.28 3.29 3.12 2.82 0.14 0.17 U 0.82 0.93 0.48 0.92 0.62 0.85 0.31 0.12 ΣREE 76.3 82.5 93.0 84.9 87.0 79.8 13.8 11.8 LREE 64.0 68.7 78.3 71.5 72.2 66.7 6.05 5.22 HREE 12.3 13.8 14.7 13.4 14.8 13.1 7.74 6.54 LREE/HREE 5.20 4.99 5.34 5.32 4.88 5.08 0.78 0.80 LaN/YbN 5.33 4.81 5.34 5.47 4.64 5.11 0.37 0.43 δEu 0.97 0.91 0.92 0.97 0.89 0.94 0.96 0.90 δCe 0.87 0.87 0.85 0.87 0.87 0.86 0.91 0.88 Nb/Ta 18 20 20 19 19 18 / / 注：Mg# =100×Mg（Mg+∑Fe）；FeO*=FeO+0.998×Fe2O3 
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