Geochronology and Geological Implication in Two Episodes of Meso-Neoproterozoic Magmatism in the Southwestern Yangtze Block
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摘要: 扬子陆块西南缘发育一系列中-新元古代岩浆岩，对认识扬子陆块构造演化具有重要意义.对会理地区天宝山组流纹岩和盐边地区辉长岩进行SHRIMP锆石U-Pb年代学、地球化学研究.天宝山组流纹岩时代为1 011.9±8.9 Ma，辉长岩时代为910.6±4.7 Ma.天宝山组流纹岩具有高硅、高FeOt/MgO、高钾等特征；稀土含量（∑REE=292×10-6~401×10-6）较高，表现出轻稀土富集重稀土弱亏损的特征[（La/Yb）N=1.77~6.74]，Eu负异常明显（δEu=0.43~0.56），与A型花岗岩相似；天宝山组流纹岩来自古老的地壳物质的部分熔融，形成于大陆裂谷环境.盐边群辉长岩稀土含量（∑REE=54×10-6~98×10-6）较低，轻重稀土分异较弱[（La/Yb）N=1.46~4.72]，Eu具有轻微的异常（δEu=0.81~1.31）；岩石具有明显的Nb-Ta、Ti负异常，无Zr-Hf正异常；地球化学数据显示辉长岩来自被俯冲板片释放的流体/熔体交代的地幔楔部分熔融，形成于岛弧环境.两期岩浆活动指示了扬子西南缘1 000~910 Ma之间构造动力学背景发生了转变，由伸展背景转变为挤压背景.
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关键词:
- 扬子西南缘 /
- 中-新元古代 /
- SHRIMP锆石U-Pb年龄 /
- 地球化学 /
- 大地构造背景
Abstract: Late Mesoproterozoic to Early Neoproterozoic igneous rocks occur in the southwestern Yangtze block, which had a great bearing on the evolution history of the Yangtze block during the late Mesoproterozoic to early Neoproterozoic. This study reports SHRIMP zircon U-Pb ages and geochemistry data for gabbros that intruded in the Yanbian Group, and that of rhyolites from the upper Tianbaoshan Formation of the Huili Group in the southwestern Yangtze block.The rhyolites were dated at 1 011.9±8.9 Ma and the gabbros were formed at 910.6±4.7 Ma. The rhyolites in the Tianbaoshan Formation were characterized by high SiO2 and K2O contents and high FeOt/MgO ratio. The contents of rare earth elements of rhyolites are high(∑REE=292×10-6-401×10-6), and characterized by LREE-enriched and HREE-depleted patterns[(La/Yb)N=1.77-6.74] with typical depletion of Eu(δEu=0.43-0.56), consistent with the geochemical characteristics of A-type granites. The geochemistry indicates that the rhyolites were derived from the partial melting of previous crust and formed in a continental rift setting. The gabbro shave low rare earth elements(∑REE=54×10-6-98×10-6) and characterized by slightly LREE-enriched and HREE-depleted patterns with unconspicuous Eu anomaly[(La/Yb)N=1.46-4.72, δEu=0.81-1.31] and the trace element patterns with typical depletion of Nb-Ta and Ti but no enrichment of Zr-Hf. The gabbros were derived from the subduction-modified lithospheric mantle wedge and formed in an arc setting. In view of the two episodes of magmatism in the study region, we propose that the tectonic properties changed from a continental rift setting to a compression setting in the southwestern Yangtze Block at 1 000-910 Ma. -
图 1 (a) 华南板块构造格架简图；(b)扬子西南缘川滇地区元古代地层分布图(据耿元生等, 2017修改)
Fig. 1. (a) Simplified tectonic framework of the South China block; (b)geological map of the distribution of Proterozoic strata in Yunnan–Sichuan provinces(modified from Geng et al., 2017)
图 2 扬子西南缘川滇地区会理群地质简图和岩性柱状图
Fig. 2. Geological map and stratigraphy of the Huili Group, southwestern Yangtze block
图 3 扬子西南缘川滇地区盐边群地质简图和岩性柱状图
Fig. 3. Geological map and stratigraphy of the Yanbian Group, southwestern Yangtze block
图 4 (a) 天宝山组流纹岩; (b)侵入盐边群的辉长岩; (c)会理群天宝山组流纹岩镜下特征; (d)侵入盐边群辉长岩镜下特征
Qz.石英; Pl.斜长石; Ch.绿泥石; Hb.角闪石; Bt.黑云母
Fig. 4. (a)Field photo of the rhyolites in the Huili Group; (b) field photos of gabbros the in the Yanbian Group; (c)microscopic photo of the rhyolites in the Huili Group; (d) microscopic photo of the gabbros in the Yanbian Group
图 5 会理群流纹岩和盐边群辉长岩锆石U-Pb协和图及代表性锆石CL图
Fig. 5. U-Pb isotopic concordia plots and representative CL images of zircon grains from rhyolites and gabbros samples of the Huili and Yanbian Groups
图 6 会理群流纹岩和盐边群辉长岩岩石分类图解
a. Nb/Y–Zr/TiO2×0.000 1分类图解; b. SiO2–K2O分类图解; c. SiO2-FeOt/(FeOt+MgO)分类图解; d. SiO2-(FeOt/MgO)分类图解
Fig. 6. Rock classification diagrams of the rhyolites and gabbros in the Huili and Yanbian Groups
图 7 天宝山组流纹岩及盐边群辉长岩稀土元素球粒陨石标准化图和微量元素原始地幔标准化图(Sun and McDonough, 1989)
Fig. 7. Chondrite-normalized REE diagrams and primitive mantle-normalized incompatible trace element multi-element plots for the Tianbaoshan rhyolites (a and b) and the gabbros (c and d)(modified from Sun and McDonough, 1989)
图 8 天宝山组流纹岩地球化学岩石判别图解
FG.分异的I、S和M型花岗岩；OGT.未分异的I、S和M型花岗岩；据Whalen et al.(1987)
Fig. 8. Geochemical discrimination diagrams for the felsic igneous rocks in the Tianbaoshan Formation
图 9 盐边群基性侵入岩Ta/La–La/Sm和Th/La–Nb/La判别图解
Fig. 9. Plots of Ta/La versus La/Sm and Th/La versus Nb/La for the mafic intrusions, Yanbian Group
图 10 盐边群辉长岩(a) Th-Ta-Hf/3和(b) Zr-Ti构造判别图解和天宝山组流纹岩(c)Nb-Y和(d)Rb-(Y+Nb)构造判别图解
图a中：A.正常洋中脊玄武岩; B.富集型洋中脊玄武岩与板内拉斑玄武岩; C.板内碱性玄武岩; D.岛弧拉斑玄武岩; 据Meschede(1986)；图b中：AI.板内碱性玄武岩; AII.板内碱性玄武岩与拉斑玄武岩; B.富集型洋中脊玄武岩; C.板内玄武岩和岛弧玄武岩; D.富集型洋中脊玄武岩与岛弧玄武岩; C+D.岛弧玄武岩; a, b.据Wood(1980)；c, d.据Pearce(1996)
Fig. 10. Discrimination diagrams of (a) Th-Ta-Hf/3 plot and (b) Zr-Ti plot for the Yanbian gabbros and (c) Nb-Y plot and (d) Rb–Y+Nb plot for the Tianbaoshan rhyolite
图 11 华南中-新元古代板块构造演化模式
Fig. 11. A geological map showing the possible Meso-Neoproterozoic tectonic evolution of the South China
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